Standard: The Social Responsibilities of Scientists and Engineers: A Global Survey

标准：科学家和工程师的社会责任：全球调查

• 批准号: 1835290
• 负责人: Jessica Wyndham
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: American Association for the Advancement of Science
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-10-01 至 2021-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1835290&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Standard; Social; Responsibilities; Scientists; Engineers

The broader social responsibilities that scientists and engineers feel regarding society and the larger communities of which they are members (i.e., their views about what their work can and should do to help society and the environment) are an important but understudied aspect of scientific practice and ethics. There is no consensus inside or outside of the scientific and engineering communities about the nature, scope, and sources of such social responsibilities. This research project will conduct an international survey of scientists and engineers regarding: (1) their beliefs about their social and ethical responsibilities to society; (2) how they arrive at these beliefs; (3) the challenges and opportunities they feel affect their ability to fulfill their social responsibilities; and (4) the ways in which their attitudes and opinions differ by factors such as discipline, job sector, age, gender, institutional type, and region. The investigators will team up with overseas scientific and engineering organizations to reach a global sample of scientists and engineers from a wide variety of disciplines, nations, and cultures. This research builds directly on an earlier NSF funded study that generated a robust, pre-tested survey instrument, translated it into five languages, and created a process for recruiting a globally representative sample of scientists and engineers.This research project involves administering a quantitative survey to 12,500 scientists and engineers around the world. The main aim is to procure a globally representative sample of 4,000 scientists and engineers and to gauge their opinions and attitudes about their social and ethical responsibilities to society. Doing so will enable the investigators to generate data and knowledge about how scientists and engineers from around the world perceive their social responsibilities, and how these are informed by factors such as national background, disciplinary affiliation, and other demographic characteristics. This project will advance research on scientific and engineering ethics in three main ways. First, it broadens the scope of social studies of scientific and engineering ethics beyond the university and laboratory to consider wider kinds of social responsibilities. Second, studying the factors that determine and shape scientists' and engineers' opinions also enables understanding of how to encourage members of these communities to be more socially responsible in their work. Finally, this study will provide important new tools (i.e. survey items, a global sampling protocol) for advancing future international studies of scientific ethics. Findings and data will be disseminated nationally and internationally.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

科学家和工程师对社会和他们所属的更大社区所承担的更广泛的社会责任（即，他们对自己的工作能够和应该做些什么来帮助社会和环境的看法）是科学实践和伦理的一个重要但未得到充分研究的方面。科学界和工程界内外对这种社会责任的性质、范围和来源没有达成共识。该研究项目将对科学家和工程师进行一项国际调查，内容涉及：（1）他们对自己对社会的社会和道德责任的信念;（2）他们如何达成这些信念;（3）他们感受到的挑战和机遇影响他们履行社会责任的能力;（4）不同学科、不同职业、不同年龄、不同性别、不同机构类型、不同地域等因素对学生态度和观点的影响。研究人员将与海外科学和工程组织合作，以获得来自各种学科，国家和文化的科学家和工程师的全球样本。这项研究直接建立在NSF早期资助的一项研究的基础上，该研究生成了一个强大的、预先测试的调查工具，将其翻译成五种语言，并创建了一个招募全球代表性科学家和工程师样本的流程。该研究项目涉及对全球12，500名科学家和工程师进行定量调查。其主要目的是获得一个由4，000名科学家和工程师组成的具有全球代表性的样本，并了解他们对自己对社会的社会和道德责任的看法和态度。这样做将使研究人员能够生成有关来自世界各地的科学家和工程师如何看待他们的社会责任的数据和知识，以及这些如何受到国家背景，学科归属和其他人口统计特征等因素的影响。该项目将从三个主要方面推动科学和工程伦理学的研究。首先，它扩大了科学和工程伦理的社会研究的范围，超越了大学和实验室，考虑更广泛的社会责任。第二，研究决定和塑造科学家和工程师意见的因素也有助于了解如何鼓励这些社区的成员在工作中更负社会责任。最后，这项研究将提供重要的新工具（即调查项目，全球抽样协议），以推进未来的国际科学伦理研究。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。