CAREER: Global Transport Markets: Impact on World Trade and Efficiency

职业：全球运输市场：对世界贸易和效率的影响

• 批准号: 1847555
• 负责人: Myrto Kalouptsidi
• 金额: $ 47.3万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-05-01 至 2024-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1847555&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Global; Transport; Markets; Impact

This CAREER agenda looks at the role of the transportation sector in world trade. Using novel data sources, the research addresses questions on the role of geography, tariffs and trade barriers, improvements in ship fuel efficiency and new infrastructure developments on transportation prices and trade flows. The research looks at the efficiency of transportation sector and how social welfare can be improved through appropriate policies. The research also considers the impact of a centralizing platform, like Uber. The project develops a spatial model that centers on the interaction of the market for (oceanic) transportation services and the market for world trade in goods. The model delivers equilibrium trade flows, as well as equilibrium trade costs. This setup is then used to demonstrate that the transportation sector (i) implies that net exporters (importers) face higher (lower) trade costs leading to misallocation of productive activities across countries; (ii) creates network effects in trade costs; and (iii) dampens the impact of shocks on trade flows. These three mechanisms reveal a new role for geography in international trade. Next, the research explores both theoretically and empirically the efficiency properties of equilibria in decentralized transportation markets and suggest appropriate policies for the improvement of world welfare. The research also introduces a micro-founded trade cost in the canonical trade model in order to examine its welfare properties. The project then will investigate the role of (maritime) infrastructure on growth and world trade.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这个职业议程着眼于运输部门在世界贸易中的作用。该研究利用新的数据来源，探讨了地理、关税和贸易壁垒的作用、船舶燃油效率的提高以及新的基础设施发展对运输价格和贸易流量的影响。该研究着眼于运输部门的效率以及如何通过适当的政策改善社会福利。该研究还考虑了Uber等集中化平台的影响。该项目开发了一个以（海洋）运输服务市场和世界货物贸易市场的相互作用为中心的空间模型。该模型提供了均衡贸易流量以及均衡贸易成本。这种设置，然后被用来证明，运输部门（一）意味着净出口国（进口国）面临更高（更低）的贸易成本，导致生产活动在各国之间的分配不当;（二）创造网络效应的贸易成本;和（三）抑制冲击对贸易流量的影响。这三种机制揭示了地理在国际贸易中的新作用。其次，本研究从理论和实证两方面探讨了分散运输市场均衡的效率特性，并提出了改善世界福利的适当政策。在规范贸易模型中引入微观基础的贸易成本，以考察其福利性质。这个奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。