Sampling Peculiarity of Sea Surface Temperature Data Sets from Drifting Buoys due to the Lagrangian Nature of Observing Platforms

漂流浮标是观测海流和海温的常用平台。它们的采样是拉格朗日的，这意味着它们随着洋流移动，而不是像其他观测平台那样固定在空间中（欧拉式）或以其他方式移动（如船只）。该项目将研究随洋流移动对漂流船测得的海温与卫星观测到的海温之间差异的影响。假设存在完全由拉格朗日抽样引起的偏差，可以量化和纠正。该项目对改进用于气候模式初始化或同化的海温数据集具有重要意义。该项目将有本科生参与研究。研究结果将公开，并将在LDEO开放日和面向K-12地球科学教师的Earth2Class研讨会上展示。该项目重点研究了由于漂流浮标的拉格朗日性质和海温的近似保守性而产生的海温观测的采样相互依赖性。假设从漂流浮标和卫星测量的海温均方根差可以量化为归因于漂流者的拉格朗日性质的抽样偏差。这项研究包括对这种偏见进行量化并加以纠正。该项目将使用来自漂浮物和卫星的海温，也将使用墨卡托海洋模型。预计这些结果将有助于正确初始化具有准确海温场的气候模式。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Drifting buoys are a common platform for observing surface ocean currents and sea surface temperature (SST). Their sampling is Lagrangian, meaning that they move with the ocean currents, as opposed to other observational platforms which are fixed in space (Eulerian) or move in some other manner (like ships). This project will investigate the effects that moving with the currents has on the differences between SST measured from drifters with SST observed from satellite. The hypothesis is that there is a bias completely due to the Lagrangian sampling which can be quantified and corrected for. The project has important implications for improving the SST data sets that are used for initialization or assimilation in climate models. The project will involve undergraduate students in the research. The results will be made publicly available and will be presented at the LDEO Open House and at an Earth2Class workshop for K-12 Earth Science teachers.The project focuses on the sampling interdependency of SST observations from drifting buoys that occurs due to their Lagrangian nature, combined with the approximately conservative property of SST. It is hypothesized that root mean square differences between SST measured from drifting buoys and satellite can be quantified as a sampling bias attributable to the Lagrangian nature of the drifters. The research involves quantifying this bias and correcting for it. The project will use SST from drifters and satellite and will use the Mercator ocean model as well. The results are anticipated to be useful for properly initializing climate models with accurate SST fields.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.