P2C2: Characterizing East African Climate Through a Major Faunal Transition at 250 - 550 ka

P2C2：通过250 - 550 ka的主要动物区系转变来描述东非气候

• 批准号: 1903662
• 负责人: Tom Johnson
• 金额: $ 34.66万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts Amherst
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1903662&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: P2C2; Characterizing; East; African; Climate

The great lakes region of tropical East Africa has been a magnet for human occupation and settlement since the origin of our species but currently is one of the most underdeveloped in the world. Meanwhile, the future climate trends of the region remain relatively unknown. This project will provide a perspective from the past on the future hydroclimate of the Lake Malawi basin, against which climate models can be compared for more reliable predictions of rainfall and drought and thus offer a much needed technical basis for water management in the region. The results will also provide important context to the evolution of our species and other mammals of eastern Africa during a crucial time period of its archaeological and evolutionary history. The project will support graduate and undergraduate students with mentoring activities designed to improve the likelihood of success in future careers which address national environmental and societal needs. The researchers will offer a workshop to secondary school educators that will bring hands-on experience with sediment cores. The researchers and educators will work together on curriculum development about modern day environmental and climate concerns by creating tested teacher-prep materials.Specifically, the research project will develop a high-resolution record of past temperature and rainfall in southern East Africa that spans a relatively well dated, recent, and significant evolutionary event that occurred sometime between 500 and 300 thousand years ago. The study will focus on the Lake Malawi basin in southern East Africa, where the Lake Malawi Drilling Project recovered the longest, high-resolution record of climate change yet to be recovered from the African continent. Researchers will analyze sediments in the Lake Malawi drill core at roughly a 1000-year interval for temperature and rainfall between 250 and 550 thousand years ago, as recorded by organic geochemical signals in the sediments (TEX86, leaf wax carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition). These analytical results will be compared to other such results from around the world, to seek commonality in the timing or direction of climate change. The team will also compare their results with climate model reconstructions of the region, to test the accuracy of various climate models that hindcast African climate, and to better comprehend what caused the observed climate behavior.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

热带东非的五大湖地区自人类起源以来就一直是吸引人类居住和定居的磁石，但目前是世界上最不发达的地区之一。与此同时，该地区未来的气候趋势仍然相对未知。 该项目将从过去的角度对马拉维湖流域未来的水文气候进行展望，并与气候模型进行比较，以便更可靠地预测降雨和干旱，从而为该区域的水管理提供急需的技术基础。研究结果还将为我们的物种和东非其他哺乳动物在其考古和进化历史的关键时期的进化提供重要背景。该项目将支持研究生和本科生的辅导活动，旨在提高成功的可能性，在未来的职业生涯，解决国家的环境和社会需求。 研究人员将为中学教育工作者提供一个讲习班，带来沉积物岩心的实践经验。 研究人员和教育工作者将通过编写经过测试的教师准备材料，共同开发有关现代环境和气候问题的课程。具体而言，该研究项目将开发一个高分辨率的记录，记录东非南部过去的温度和降雨量，涵盖一个相对较好的日期，最近和重要的进化事件，发生在50万到30万年前的某个时候。该研究将侧重于东非南部的马拉维湖盆地，马拉维湖钻探项目在那里恢复了非洲大陆迄今为止最长的高分辨率气候变化记录。研究人员将以大约1000年的时间间隔分析马拉维湖岩芯中的沉积物，以了解25万至55万年前的温度和降雨量，这是沉积物中的有机地球化学信号（TEX86，叶蜡碳和氢同位素组成）所记录的。这些分析结果将与来自世界各地的其他此类结果进行比较，以寻求气候变化时间或方向的共性。该团队还将把他们的结果与该地区的气候模型重建进行比较，以测试各种气候模型对非洲气候进行后推的准确性，并更好地理解导致观察到的气候行为的原因。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

An abrupt temperature and hydroclimate transition in eastern Africa during Termination V

第五次终止期间东非的气温和水文气候突变

• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: XXI INQUA Congress
• 作者: Ramirez, B.;Castañeda, I.S.;Salacup, J.M.;Johnson, T.C.
• 通讯作者: Johnson, T.C.

East African Climate During a Major Turnover in Mammal Species between 400 and 500 thousand years ago

400至50万年前哺乳动物物种大转变期间的东非气候

• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Abstracts Geological Society of America
• 作者: Johnson, T.;Ramirez, B.;Salacup, J.;Castañeda, I.S.
• 通讯作者: Castañeda, I.S.