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Collaborative Research: RUI: Dynamic Learning in Comparative Courts: A Cross-National Analysis of Judicial Decision Making in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom

合作研究：RUI：比较法院的动态学习：加拿大、美国和英国司法决策的跨国分析

基本信息

批准号：
1921268
负责人：
Jennifer Bowie
金额：
$ 14.47万
依托单位：
University of Richmond
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2019-08-01 至 2025-07-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1921268&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research RUI Dynamic Learning

项目摘要

Common law intermediate appellate courts have typically functioned well out of the limelight and out of public scrutiny. In recent years, however, the number of appeals within common law judiciaries have significantly increased while the number of cases heard by High Courts has remained relatively stable. In light of burgeoning caseloads, the intermediate appellate courts effectively serve as the court of last resort for the vast majority of judicial appeals. This project develops, assesses, and advances a new and innovative theoretical framework on the dynamic transmission of information between two tiers of courts across the judiciaries of Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. This study represents the first comprehensive assessment of hierarchical influences on judicial decision making within a comparative context. Specifically, this project explores hierarchical interactions between lower intermediate appellate court judges and their High Court counterparts in Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. The comparative focus of this project presents scholars, policymakers, and practitioners with exciting, innovative, and new opportunities to explore how ideological and institutional differences within judicial systems and different tiers of the judiciary can influence decision making. This project also contributes to a broader understanding of courts in a comparative context by illustrating that scholars cannot easily assume that frameworks developed for American courts are automatically transportable to other countries. Beyond contributions to the academic sphere, the proposed project has broad policy and social impacts. Understanding how judges behave in this dynamic decision making process is necessary for understanding how law and policy is developed and how institutional designs seemingly condition judicial decision-making behavior. The extensive data collection, both quantitative and qualitative, for the project will facilitate the sharing of a vast database of information on appellate courts and hierarchical responses to Supreme Court precedents for a variety of future analyses. The database of intermediate court decisions assembled for this project provides a valuable supplement to the National High Courts Database. The combination of new and reliable data on two tiers of the courts has the potential to foster extensive new analyses for academic faculty, students, and legal professionals. By providing comparable data on the intermediate courts over a substantial period of time, this study will create a rich resource that will enable future research on judicial policy making in a variety of settings. Such data will benefit both established scholars as well as their students including doctoral students throughout related disciplines seeking data for comparative judicial dissertation projects. This project also incorporates the insights gained from in-depth interviews with judges to provide a more nuanced understanding of the way judges understand their approach to decision making. These resources hold significant promise for many analyses beyond this project.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

普通法中级上诉法院通常在聚光灯下运作良好，不受公众监督。然而，近年来，普通法司法机构的上诉案件数量大幅增加，而高等法院审理的案件数量保持相对稳定。鉴于案件数量迅速增加，中级上诉法院实际上是绝大多数司法上诉的最后诉诸法院。该项目开发、评估和推进了一个关于加拿大、美国和英国司法机构两级法院之间信息动态传递的新的创新理论框架。这项研究是第一次在比较的背景下对等级对司法决策的影响进行全面评估。具体地说，本项目探讨加拿大、美国和英国下级上诉法院法官与高等法院法官之间的等级互动。该项目的比较重点为学者、政策制定者和实践者提供了令人兴奋的、创新的和新的机会，以探索司法系统和不同级别司法机构内的意识形态和机构差异如何影响决策。该项目还有助于在比较的背景下更广泛地了解法院，因为它表明，学者们不能轻易假定为美国法院制定的框架可以自动转移到其他国家。除了对学术领域的贡献外，拟议的项目还具有广泛的政策和社会影响。了解法官在这一动态决策过程中的行为，对于理解法律和政策是如何发展的，以及制度设计似乎如何制约司法决策行为是必要的。为该项目收集的大量定量和定性数据将有助于分享关于上诉法院和对最高法院判例的分级答复的庞大数据库，以供今后各种分析之用。为该项目汇编的中级法院判决数据库是对国家高等法院数据库的宝贵补充。两级法院新的可靠数据的结合有可能促进学术人员、学生和法律专业人员进行广泛的新分析。通过在相当长的一段时间内提供中级法院的可比数据，这项研究将创造丰富的资源，使今后能够在各种情况下研究司法政策的制定。这些数据将使知名学者以及他们的学生受益，包括相关学科的博士生，他们正在为比较司法论文项目寻找数据。该项目还纳入了对法官进行深入访谈所获得的见解，以便更细致地了解法官理解其决策方法的方式。这些资源为本项目以外的许多分析提供了重要的前景。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。