Collaborative Research: Standard Grant: The Ethics of Studying Indigenous North American Ancient DNA: Moving from Theories to Practices

在过去的十年中，对生活在很久以前的北美土著人的DNA的研究为疾病的演变、向美洲的迁移、人口动态、殖民化的影响等等提供了令人兴奋的见解。然而，对从土著祖先身上提取的古代DNA的研究发展如此迅速，以至于关于道德责任的讨论没有跟上科学的步伐。在对古代DNA的研究中，活着的美洲原住民的权利往往被忽视，尽管这一不断扩大的研究领域对土著社区有着深刻的社会、政治、心理和法律的影响。这导致了许多争议和有问题的研究，导致对研究人员的不信任，对美洲原住民社区临床健康研究的怀疑态度增加，以及古代DNA研究的伦理危机迫在眉睫。与此同时，基于与土著人民合作的其他古代DNA倡议在建立互利关系的同时回答了重要的科学和历史问题。这项研究调查和分析了古代DNA研究的伦理现状，并为利益相关者开发了资源，以实现更公平，更明智的决策和知识共享。该项目还将把不同的声音、经验和专业知识纳入科学实践，并建立新的或扩大的生物伦理框架。该项目汇集和开发有关古代DNA研究伦理的资源，以支持利益相关者之间更公平和知情的决策和负责任的知识共享。为此，该项目：（1）调查原住民和科学界当前对古代DNA研究伦理的态度、价值观和实践，（2）合作制定一套原则来指导良好的研究实践。该项目有助于我们理解DNA研究中的合作方法，管理博物馆中祖先人类遗骸和其他生物材料的道德，围绕基因组学产生的知识的知识产权问题，以及土著人民与其基因组遗产有关的人权。该项目的成果包括一系列研讨会，汇集了科学和土著领导人，公开讲座，学术和大众出版物，博士后研究员指导，以及网站aDNAethics.org，该网站将介绍“良好做法”和在线资源包，可用于大学课堂，博物馆，道德审查委员会，土著文化保护办公室，期刊，实验室，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Over the last decade, the study of DNA from Indigenous North Americans who lived long ago has provided exciting insights into the evolution of diseases, migration to the Americas, population dynamics, the impacts of colonization, and much more. Yet, the study of ancient DNA extracted from Indigenous ancestors has grown so rapidly that discussions about ethical responsibilities have not kept pace with the science. The rights of living Native Americans are too often ignored in the study of ancient DNA, even though this expanding area of research has profound social, political, psychological, and legal implications for Indigenous communities. This has led to numerous controversies and problematic studies, resulting in distrust of researchers, increasing skepticism of clinical health studies in Native American communities, and a looming ethical crisis for ancient DNA studies. At the same time, other ancient DNA initiatives based on collaboration with Indigenous peoples have answered important scientific and historical questions while building mutually beneficial relationships. This study surveys and analyzes the current ethical landscape of ancient DNA research and develops resources for stakeholders to enable more equitable and informed decision making and knowledge sharing. The project will also integrate diverse voices, experiences, and expertise into scientific practice and the creation of new or expanded bioethical frameworks. This project assembles and develops resources regarding the ethics of ancient DNA research to support more equitable and informed decision making and responsible knowledge sharing amongst stakeholders. To do so, the project: (1) investigates the current attitudes, values, and practices of Indigenous peoples and scientific communities around the ethics of ancient DNA research, and (2) collaboratively develops a set of principles to guide good research practices. This project contributes to our understanding of collaborative methods in the study of DNA, the ethics of managing ancestral human remains and other biological materials in museums, intellectual property issues surrounding the knowledge produced through genomics, and the human rights of Indigenous peoples in relation to their genomic heritage. The outcomes of this project include a series of workshops bringing together scientific and Indigenous leaders, public lectures, academic and popular publications, postdoctoral researcher mentorship, and the website aDNAethics.org, which will present "good practices" and online resource kits that can be used across university classrooms, museums, ethics review committees, Indigenous cultural preservation offices, journals, labs, and beyond.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.