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Collaborative Research: Connecting linguistic and perceptual development through symmetry

合作研究：通过对称性连接语言和知觉发展

基本信息

批准号：
1941006
负责人：
John Trueswell
金额：
$ 50.38万
依托单位：
University of Pennsylvania
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1941006&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Connecting linguistic perceptual

项目摘要

The extent of children's knowledge of language at school entry predicts their later academic success, even for those disciplines not commonly associated with language skills, such as science and mathematics. For example, teachers tell children that “two and two is equal to four”, and that “the earth is similar to (or “is like”) a ball”. Our ultimate understanding of mathematical symbols and their combination are supported by language, through words and their syntactic combination. This research examines how children come to understand the abstract meaning of logical words such as “equal”, “similar”, and “and”. How do children learn that if X is similar to Y, Y must be similar to X? These examples have in common the key concept that is the focus of the planned research, the concept of symmetry – a central idea in perception, language and thought. Symmetry is a relation that remains the same even when reversed logically or physically. Thus, if X equals Y, Y must equal X, and if the button matches the shirt, so must the shirt match the button. Symmetry seems an exotic topic but in fact is foundational in reasoning, geometry, algebra, biology, and physics, and is threaded through the vocabulary, including nouns (“cousin”), verbs (“meet”), and adjectives (“similar”). Despite the ubiquity of symmetry in language and its formative connection to STEM, little is known about how preschoolers acquire an understanding of symmetrical words, or how they perceive symmetrical interactions. Answering these questions will help explain children’s differences in language abilities and STEM-related learning. All experiments examine how humans perceive, think and/or communicate about symmetry at different stages of development, from infancy to adulthood. Most employ real-time measures, in which eye gaze is recorded as participants hear speech describing scenes of individuals engaged in (a-)symmetrical interactions. A moment-by-moment record is obtained for how participants link scene and syntax and engage in learning of words with potentially (a-)symmetrical meanings. Study 1 examines whether preverbal infants distinguish between perceptually symmetrical vs. asymmetrical interactions, and how older children link perception to abstract symmetry. Study 2 examines when children come to have an adult understanding of symmetrical vs. asymmetrical syntax in language. Study 3 examines how learners combine evidence about symmetrical relations from perceptual and linguistic input. Research incorporates significant education and outreach: undergraduates are involved in research and trained in eyetracking; research occurs at museums and local preschools, where parents learn about developmental research, its importance, and outcomes.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

孩子入学时的语言知识程度预示着他们以后在学业上的成功，即使是那些通常与语言技能无关的学科，如科学和数学。例如，老师告诉孩子们“二加二等于四”，“地球类似于（或“像”）一个球”。我们对数学符号及其组合的最终理解是由语言支持的，通过单词和它们的句法组合。本研究考察儿童如何理解“相等”、“相似”和“并且”等逻辑词的抽象含义。孩子们怎么知道如果X和Y相似，Y就一定和X相似呢？这些例子都有一个共同的关键概念，这是计划研究的重点，对称的概念-在感知，语言和思想的中心思想。对称是一种关系，即使在逻辑上或物理上颠倒，也保持不变。因此，如果X等于Y， Y必须等于X，如果纽扣与衬衫匹配，那么衬衫也必须与纽扣匹配。对称似乎是一个奇特的话题，但实际上是推理、几何、代数、生物学和物理学的基础，并贯穿于词汇中，包括名词（“cousin”）、动词（“meet”）和形容词（“similar”）。尽管对称在语言中无处不在，并且与STEM形成了联系，但对于学龄前儿童如何获得对称词的理解，或者他们如何感知对称互动，人们知之甚少。回答这些问题将有助于解释儿童在语言能力和stem相关学习方面的差异。所有的实验都考察了人类在从婴儿期到成年期的不同发展阶段是如何感知、思考和/或交流对称的。大多数采用实时测量，当参与者听到描述个体（a-）对称互动场景的演讲时，他们的目光被记录下来。参与者如何将场景和语法联系起来，并参与具有潜在（A -）对称意义的单词的学习，可以获得一个时刻的记录。研究1考察了学龄前婴儿是否能区分感知对称与不对称的互动，以及大一点的儿童如何将感知与抽象对称联系起来。研究2考察了儿童何时对语言中的对称和不对称语法有了成人的理解。研究3考察了学习者如何结合来自知觉和语言输入的对称关系的证据。研究包括重要的教育和推广：本科生参与研究并接受眼球追踪方面的培训；研究发生在博物馆和当地的幼儿园，在那里父母了解发展研究，它的重要性和结果。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。