SBIR Phase I: In-orbit Satellite Servicing Interface for Science and Commercial Applications

小企业创新研究（SBIR）第一阶段项目的更广泛影响将影响许多科学和商业航天器。当发射具有高价值有效载荷的科学卫星时，卫星的能力和使命寿命往往可以大大超过典型的五年使命寿命，有时运行超过10年。这意味着在许多情况下，卫星的实际使命寿命可能取决于卫星上的燃料量。虽然大型商业卫星（数千公斤）存在加油的经济效益，但小型卫星（数百公斤和更小）的经济效益并不明显。该项目是一个为小型卫星提供燃料的系统，可以提高美国在太空的科学、军事和商业能力。拟议的项目将消除进行航天器接近操作和对接的复杂性，以促进通过带有相关传感器和功能的“螺栓”标准化组件进行商业加油。该系统将在地面生产期间安装。这种传感器、通信、加油阀和对接闩锁的集成包将提供服务车辆和客户卫星安全接近、安全对接和在两个车辆之间交换燃料所需的功能。 它将包含在一个名为综合服务接口（ISI）的组件中，通过标准化促进在轨加油能力所需的技术和接口来简化卫星设计。该提案将定义操作和捕获要求的概念，确定近场操作和对接的最佳光学对准方法，确定使命每个阶段所需的传感器套件，选择适当的卫星间链路以确保SC之间的鲁棒通信，并通过生产一架飞机来实现ISI的设计-该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will affect numerous science and commercial spacecraft. When science satellites with high-value payloads are launched, the satellite capabilities and mission life can often extend well beyond the typical five-year mission life, sometimes operating for more than 10 years. This means that in many cases, the actual mission life of a satellite may be governed by the amount of fuel on board. While the economic benefits of refueling exist for larger commercial satellites (thousands of kilograms), it is not as clear for smaller satellites (hundreds of kilograms and smaller). The proposed project, a refueling system for smaller satellites, can increase the United States’ scientific, military, and commercial capabilities in space. The proposed project will remove the complexity of performing spacecraft proximity operations and docking in order to facilitate commercial refueling through a ‘bolt on’ standardized component with the associated sensors and functions. The system will be installed during production on the ground. This integrated package of sensors, communications, fueling valves, and docking latches will provide the functionality required for a servicing vehicle and a client satellite to safely approach, securely dock, and exchange fuel between the two vehicles. It would be contained within a component named the Integrated Servicing Interface (ISI), simplifying satellite design by standardizing the technologies and interfaces required to facilitate in-orbit refueling capabilities. This proposal will define concept of operations and capture requirements, determine the optimal optical alignment approach for near-field operations and docking, identify the suite of sensors required for each phase of the mission, select the appropriate intersatellite link to ensure robust communications between SC, and implement the design of the ISI by producing a flight-like prototype.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.