Investigations on the inception of connecting leaders at lightning rods as a consequence of real lightning leaders under special consideration of pre-discharges

自引入以来，雷电保护总体上只有很小的变化。它的目的是通过避雷针吸引闪电，然后将闪电电流传导到地面。有效和正确的避雷针是有效防雷系统的第一步。密集的实验室测试和现场测量为成功的防雷奠定了主要概念。国家标准(DIN EN 62305)和国际标准(IEC 62305)规定了成功的外部防雷系统的应用。然而，在过去的几十年里，新的防雷概念以及有源避雷针被提出。有传言称，与传统的避雷针相比，这项新技术有几个优点。尽管取得了这一进展，但世界各地的闪电专家都不相信改进后的避雷针及其概念。越来越多的这种棒被安装，甚至在德国也是如此，尽管没有标准化(例外：法国标准NFC 17-102)。最重要的是，没有科学证据证明这些新设备的成功运行。理论分析和仿真验证了这些新的保护概念。因此，迫切需要研究在自然条件下真正的雷电连接领袖的开始，以更好地评估新的防雷概念的行为。这项调查的目的是提供从真正的连接领导者开始的测量数据，这实际上很难实现。因此，应该可以考察与建立联系的领导者的开始有关的理论概念和模拟。此外，还可以得出防雷系统的实际实施将如何影响其有效性的结论。

Lightning protection in general has changed only a little since its introduction. It is intended attracting the lightning by a lightning rod and subsequently conduct the lightning current to ground. An effective and correctly positioned lightning rod is the first step of an effective lightning protection system. Intense laboratory testing and field measurements have established the main concepts for successful lightning protection. National (DIN EN 62305) and international (IEC 62305) standards specify application of successful external lightning protection systems. However, in the past decades new lightning protection concepts, as well as active lightning rods, were presented. This new technology is rumored to have several dvantages compared to the conventional lightning rods. In spite of this progress, lightning experts all over the world are not convinced of the improved lightning rods and their concepts. More and more of these rods are installed, even in Germany, although there is no standardization (exception: French standard NFC 17-102). Above all there is no scientific evidence for the successful operation of these new devices. Theoretical analyses und simulations both prove and disprove these new protection concepts. There is urgent need to investigate the inception of real lightning connecting leaders under natural conditions in to better evaluate the behavior of new lightning protection concepts. The aim of this investigation is to deliver measurement data from the inception of real connecting leaders, which is actually difficult to achieve. Hereby it should be possible to survey theoretical concepts and simulations, which are concerned with the inception of connecting leaders. In addition, conclusions can be drawn, how actual implementations of lightning protecting systems will affect their ffectiveness.