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Water Unaffordability in the United States: Using Principles of Organizational Learning to Understand Municipal Capacity to Safeguard Water Access

美国的水负担能力：利用组织学习原则了解市政保障用水的能力

基本信息

批准号：
1948790
负责人：
Laura Senier
金额：
$ 23.48万
依托单位：
Northeastern University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-04-15 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1948790&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Water Unaffordability United States Using

项目摘要

Water Unaffordability in the United States: Using Principles ofOrganizational Capacity to Understand Municipal Variation in Providing Water Access The United Nations has recognized access to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water and sanitation as fundamental human rights. Nevertheless, the cost of household water and sanitation services for U.S. consumers has risen much faster than the general cost of living in the 21st century. Nonpayment of water bills is increasing and water utilities in some cities have responded by shutting off water delivery to households with unpaid bills. This project will identify the historical, ecological, demographic, technological, political, and legal factors that contribute to water unaffordability, and assess the consequences of escalating water costs for vulnerable populations. The project will show how a city’s organizational capacity, e.g., fiscal and economic resources, formal policies, physical infrastructure, information system resources, and the skill and professional training of city employees, affects the design and implementation of city policies on water affordability. The project will also illustrate the extent to which certain types of policies and practices disproportionately affect elderly, disabled, low-income, and non-white Americans. The project will help government officials identify forces that create variations in water affordability policies, and will also develop educational materials to facilitate partnerships between municipal officials, water utility managers, and the public, to help them improve local water affordability and assistance programs. The costs of household water and sanitation services has risen sharply in the 21st century, and nonpayment of water bills has affected some households. The study uses mixed methods and a comparative case study design to understand how a municipality’s organizational capacity and discretion among water resource managers interact with state-level legal and economic factors to shape decisions about cost relief policies for low-income, non-white, and other socially vulnerable groups, and enforcement mechanisms that secure payment of water and sanitation bills. The project will first collect administrative and archival data on water policies in a sample of 12 cities in 2 states: Massachusetts and Pennsylvania. Next, the project will select 6-8 cities for semi-structured, in-depth interviews, with 9-10 interviews in each city, for a total of approximately 80 interviews. The comparative case study design, which nests municipal decision making in the context of state-level legal, political, and economic constraints, will advance research on sustainability that focuses on how place-based dynamics contribute to sustainable and just management of human needs and ecological resources. The project will advance sociological theories on organizational capacity and organizational learning by showing how public sector organizations integrate multiple types of knowledge--technical, bureaucratic, and ethical--in developing policies that facilitate or constrain access to basic human needs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

美国水的不可承受性：利用组织能力原理理解城市供水差异联合国已确认，获得充足、安全、可接受、可实际获取和负担得起的水和卫生设施是基本人权。尽管如此，美国消费者的家庭用水和卫生服务成本的增长速度远远快于世纪的一般生活成本。不付水费的现象越来越多，一些城市的供水公司作出了反应，停止向未付水费的家庭供水。该项目将确定造成水负担不起的历史、生态、人口、技术、政治和法律的因素，并评估水成本上升对弱势群体的后果。该项目将展示一个城市的组织能力，例如，财政和经济资源、正式政策、有形基础设施、信息系统资源以及城市雇员的技能和专业培训，都影响到城市关于水的可负担性的政策的设计和执行。该项目还将说明某些类型的政策和做法在多大程度上不成比例地影响老年人，残疾人，低收入和非白人美国人。该项目将帮助政府官员确定造成水可负担性政策变化的因素，并将开发教育材料，以促进市政官员，水务公司管理人员和公众之间的伙伴关系，帮助他们提高当地水的可负担性和援助计划。家庭用水和卫生服务的费用在21世纪急剧上升，不付水费影响到一些家庭。本研究采用混合方法和比较案例研究设计，以了解一个城市的组织能力和水资源管理者之间的自由裁量权如何与国家一级的法律的和经济因素相互作用，以塑造低收入，非白人和其他社会弱势群体的成本减免政策的决定，以及确保支付水和卫生账单的执行机制。该项目将首先收集马萨诸塞州和宾夕法尼亚州两个州12个城市关于水政策的行政和档案数据。接下来，项目将选择6-8个城市进行半结构化深度访谈，每个城市9-10个访谈，共计约80个访谈。比较案例研究设计，嵌套市政决策的背景下，国家一级的法律的，政治和经济的限制，将推进可持续发展的研究，重点是如何基于地方的动态有助于可持续和公正的管理人类的需求和生态资源。该项目将通过展示公共部门组织如何整合多种类型的知识-技术的、官僚的、和道德--该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估来支持的搜索.