SCC-PG: Reducing the Vulnerability of Disadvantaged Communities to the Impacts of Cascading Hazards under a Changing Climate

SCC-PG：减少弱势社区在气候变化下遭受级联灾害影响的脆弱性

• 批准号: 1951636
• 负责人: Farshid Vahedifard
• 金额: $ 11.87万
• 依托单位: Mississippi State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1951636&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SCC; PG; Reducing; Vulnerability; Disadvantaged

Community resilience is frequently defined as the ability of a community to prepare, respond, and recover from natural and human-caused hazards. Preparedness is a vital aspect of community resilience, but our existing frameworks and emergency guidelines generally focus on response, rather than seeking to understand the connection between events and preparing for subsequent hazards. The majority of disasters involve a chain of events occurring in a cascading manner. The importance of preparedness against cascading hazards has been demonstrated by recent events, such as the Mendocino complex and Campfires in California, where all reports suggest that the lack of an integrated framework connecting decision-makers and residents exacerbated the devastating consequences of the fires. There is an urgent need for evaluating the vulnerability and preparedness of disadvantaged communities with access and functional needs (AFN) against cascading hazards. This Smart & Connected Communities (SCC) planning grant aims to reduce the vulnerability of disadvantaged communities to the impacts of cascading hazards in a changing climate. We seek to develop an effective warning system by integrating environmental-socio-technological monitoring and risk communications to serve disadvantaged communities. The overarching goal is to bridge the gap between the engineering, scientific, and social dimensions that have been striving to reduce the consequences of extreme events but are commonly evaluated in isolation of one another. The project will broaden the participation of local citizens in participatory risk management, as well as advance participatory, multi-scenario, multi-objective decision support that will make data and tradeoffs transparent and accessible.Cascading hazards place disadvantaged communities at risk for disastrous outcomes, which are projected to worsen with climate variability and change. This project supports a multidisciplinary planning effort toward mitigating the impacts of cascading hazards from social science, climate, engineering, and decision-making perspectives. This project provides a capacity-building opportunity to better assess and quantify how the sequence of drought, wildfires, landslides, and flooding may drive one another and how the consequences of these cascading hazards may scale in both time and space. This project will provide insights into: (1) the science of cascading hazards and their tempo-spatial characteristics and impacts in a changing climate, (2) social and physical vulnerability in disadvantaged communities against the risk of cascading hazards, as opposed to a single hazard, and (3) an efficient strategy to communicate the risks of cascading hazards, which are inherently different in their devastation and scale. The project will also seek to build the capacity for advancing crisis communications by demonstrating how diverse sources of data (of disparate time scales, dimensionalities, and noise levels) can be integrated to improve decision-making and community engagement in remote and disconnected environments. The project involves collaboration with California Office of Emergency Services (CalOES) and will focus on Lake County, CA, a disadvantaged community with dwindling resources and growing multi-hazard threats. While applied to a sequence of drought, wildfires, landslides, and flooding, this framework is directly translatable to any set of cascading hazards and will advance the state-of-knowledge to go beyond hazard evaluation that typically focuses on a single event.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

社区复原力通常被定义为社区从自然和人为灾害中准备、应对和恢复的能力。备灾是社区复原力的一个重要方面，但我们现有的框架和应急指南通常侧重于应对，而不是寻求了解事件之间的联系并为随后的灾害做好准备。大多数灾害涉及一系列级联发生的事件。最近发生的事件，例如门多西诺建筑群和加州的营火，都表明防备连锁灾害的重要性，所有报告都表明，缺乏一个连接决策者和居民的综合框架，加剧了火灾的破坏性后果。迫切需要评估有通道和功能需求的弱势社区对连锁灾害的脆弱性和备灾情况。这一智能互联社区（SCC）规划赠款旨在减少弱势社区在不断变化的气候中对级联灾害影响的脆弱性。我们力求通过整合环境-社会-技术监测和风险沟通，建立一个有效的预警系统，为弱势群体服务。总体目标是弥合工程、科学和社会层面之间的差距，这些层面一直在努力减少极端事件的后果，但通常是孤立地进行评估。该项目将扩大当地公民对参与性风险管理的参与，并推动参与性、多情景、多目标的决策支持，使数据和权衡透明和可获得，连锁灾害使弱势社区面临灾难性后果的风险，预计随着气候多变性和变化，这种后果将进一步恶化。该项目支持多学科规划工作，从社会科学、气候、工程和决策角度减轻级联灾害的影响。该项目提供了一个能力建设机会，以更好地评估和量化干旱、野火、山体滑坡和洪水的顺序如何相互驱动，以及这些级联灾害的后果如何在时间和空间上扩展。该项目将深入了解：（1）级联灾害的科学及其在气候变化中的时空特征和影响，（2）与单一灾害相比，弱势社区在社会和物质方面对级联灾害风险的脆弱性，以及（3）传达级联灾害风险的有效战略，这些风险在破坏力和规模上有本质的不同。该项目还将通过展示如何整合不同的数据来源（不同的时间尺度，维度和噪音水平）来提高决策和社区参与的能力，以促进危机通信。该项目涉及与加州紧急服务办公室（CalOES）的合作，并将重点放在加州莱克县，这是一个资源日益减少和多种灾害威胁日益严重的弱势社区。该框架适用于一系列干旱、野火、山体滑坡和洪水，可直接应用于任何级联灾害，并将推动知识水平超越通常侧重于单一事件的灾害评估。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Model for Lateral Swelling Pressure in Unsaturated Expansive Soils

• DOI: 10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002605
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 期刊: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: M. Abdollahi;F. Vahedifard

Predicting Resilient Modulus of Unsaturated Subgrade Soils Considering Effects of Water Content, Temperature, and Hydraulic Hysteresis

• DOI: 10.1061/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0002244
• 发表时间: 2022-01
• 期刊: International Journal of Geomechanics
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: M. Abdollahi;F. Vahedifard

Modeling Resilient Modulus of Unsaturated Subgrade Soils under Concurrent Changes in Water Content and Temperature

含水量和温度同时变化下非饱和路基土的回弹模量建模

• DOI: 10.1061/9780784484036.037
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Geotechnical Special Publication No. 333
• 作者: Abdollahi, Masood;Vahedifard, Farshid
• 通讯作者: Vahedifard, Farshid

Statistical distributions of wave velocities and elastic moduli in near-surface unsaturated soils

• DOI: 10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107247
• 发表时间: 2022-03-14
• 期刊: SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Abdollahi, Masood;Vahedifard, Farshid;Taylor, Oliver-Denzil S.
• 通讯作者: Taylor, Oliver-Denzil S.