The Wise Ruler. Emperor Charles IV's Concept of Governance and Its Realisation.Revisiting the Constitutional History of the Late-Medieval Empire

查理四世（Charles IV）1346年至1378年）的卢森堡众议院是中世纪最有影响力的统治者之一。他的政治“影响力”和“令人印象深刻的存在”导致彼得·莫劳将他誉为“中世纪晚期德意志民族神圣罗马帝国最重要的统治者”和“伟大国王”的典范。查理四世在当代关于政治统治的理论和性质的讨论框架内，发展了一个独立的治理概念，对这一概念的探索可以作为中世纪晚期宪政史讨论的一个创新和富有成效的模式。在不稳定的政治局势下，由于权力争夺的阻碍，天皇试图将他的统治锚在神圣的领域，引用“智慧和美德”作为支撑他统治的关键概念。特别值得一提的是，考察一下皇帝对过去的标志性人物和事件的授权和合法化典故，并将其与他在皇家政治的日常现实中对理论概念的具体实现进行比较。比较和对比查理四世的治理概念，它的实现，使我们能够达到一个新的理解他的政治活动，并阐明他所采用的机制，以实现一体化的工作。 皇帝反击贵族们的主张所采用的策略和灵活性揭示了理论与实践、表象与概念化、公开行动者与隐藏策略之间的紧张关系。计划中的专著的目的是利用当代欧洲的背景，突出政治宗教概念对帝国宪法的形成力量，在这一过程中获得新的内部一致性。

Charles IV (r. 1346-1378) of the House of Luxembourg was one of the most influential rulers of the Middle Ages. His political "reach" and "imposing presence" resulted in his celebration by Peter Moraw as "the most important ruler of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation during the late Middle Ages" and as the paradigm of a "great king". Within the framework of contemporary discussion on the theory and nature of political rule, Charles IV developed an independent concept of governance, the exploration of which can be used as an innovative and fruitful model for the discussion of late-medieval constitutional history. In an unstable political situation, and hampered by competing claims to power, the Emperor tried to anchor his rule in the realm of the divine, citing "wisdom and virtue" as the key concepts underpinning his governance. It is particularly revealing to examine the web of authorising and legitimising allusions to iconic personalities and events from the past developed by the Emperor and to compare these to his concrete realisation of theoretical concepts in the day-to-day realities of royal politics. Comparing and contrasting Charles IV's concept of governance to its realisation allows us to reach a new understanding of his political activities and to illuminate the workings of the mechanisms he employed to achieve integration. The strategies and flexibility with which the Emperor countered the claims of his noble peers shed revealing light on the tense relationship between theory and practice, representation and conceptualisation, open actors and hidden strategies. The aim of the planned monograph is to use the backdrop of contemporary Europe to foreground the formative power of politico-religious concepts on the constitution of the Empire, which gains a new internal coherence in the process.