Collaborative Research: Investigating out-of sequence magmatism and mantle plume-lithosphere interactions adjacent to the Snake River plain (U.S.A.)

火山爆发是重大的危害，也是社会和环境变化的驱动力。大陆热点喷发是地球上有记载的最大喷发的源头。热点岩浆活动的部分确认是基于对线性火山链的识别，这些火山链与板块运动的方向相反，变得更年轻。当火山活动沿着热点“轨迹”在时间上不符合年龄进程，因此不按顺序，有时偏离轴时，这些年龄进程可能不清楚。蛇河平原-黄石火山区（怀俄明-蒙大拿-爱达荷州，包括黄石国家公园）是大陆热点岩浆作用的典型例子，主要的蛇河平原“超级火山”喷发有很好的记录。然而，小体积火山存在于SRPY附近。该项目将调查这些不按顺序排列的火山，以提供一个模拟，以更好地识别地质记录中的热点，对黄石热点如何与北美相互作用产生新的限制，并用于帮助完善与该热点相关的火山活动的起源和喷发历史的模型。这一发现对大陆热点火山灾害评估具有重要意义。学生培训和公众宣传也是该项目的关键方面。一个多学科的方法将被用来解开时空岩浆的历史邻近的最年轻的部分SRPY热点轨道，包括现场测绘结构和火成岩活动，地质年代学和地球化学之间的关系为重点。这些数据将使研究小组能够：[1]确定SRPY附近的序列外火山活动的时空历史; [2]确定地幔和地壳对这种序列外和离轴火山活动的贡献; [3]破译同岩浆伸展，SRPY岩浆活动和序列外和离轴火山活动之间的联系。拟议的研究将为本科生和研究生提供学习现场，演示和实验室技能的各种套件的机会。将创建和教授阿拉斯加土著STEM教育计划GeoFORCE的课程。GeoFORCE参与者将参观黄石国家公园。该项目期间取得的科学进展将通过与杜波依斯博物馆的合作，通过公开讲座和实地考察，开发风河上游流域（WY）的地质指南，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值进行评估而被认为值得支持和更广泛的影响审查标准。

Volcanic eruptions are significant hazards and drivers of societal and environmental change. Continental hotspot eruptions are the soures of the largest documented eruptions on Earth. Hotspot magmatism is recognized in part on identification of a linear chain of volcanoes that becomes younger opposite the direction of plate motion. These age-progressions may be unclear when volcanism along a hotspot “track” does not temporally fit in the age progression and is therefore, out of sequence and at times, off-axis. The Snake River Plain-Yellowstone (SRPY) volcanic province (Wyoming-Montana-Idaho, including Yellowstone National Park) is the classic example of continental hotspot magmatism, and major SRPY “supervolcano” eruptions are well documented. Small-volume volcanoes exist adjacent to the SRPY, however. This project will investigate these out of sequence volcanoes to provide an analog to better identify hotspots in the geological record, yield new constraints on how the Yellowstone hotspot interacts with North America, and be used to help refine models for the origin and eruptive history of volcanism associated with this hotspot. The findings have implications for continental hotspot volcanic hazard assessments. Student training and public outreach are also key aspects of this project. A multidisciplinary approach will be employed to unravel the spatial-temporal magmatic history adjacent to the youngest part of the SRPY hotspot track, including field mapping focused on the relations between structures and igneous activity, geochronology, and geochemistry. These data will allow the research team to: [1] determine the temporal-spatial history of out-of-sequence volcanism adjacent to the SRPY; [2] define the mantle and crustal contributions to this out of sequence and off-axis volcanism; [3] decipher the links between syn-magmatic extension, SRPY magmatism and the out of sequence and off-axis volcanism. The proposed study will provide opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students to learn a diverse suite of field, presentation, and laboratory skills. Curriculum for GeoFORCE, a Native Alaskan STEM education program, will be created and taught. GeoFORCE participants shall visit Yellowstone National Park. Scientific advances made during this project will be communicated to the public via collaboration with the Dubois Museum through public talks and field trips, the development of a geological guide of the upper Wind River basin (WY), and via news articles published globally on the web and in local newspapers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.