权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship in Biology FY 2020

2020 财年 NSF 生物学博士后奖学金

基本信息

批准号：
2011020
负责人：
Laura Bogar
金额：
$ 13.8万
依托单位：
Bogar, Laura
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Fellowship Award
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-07-01 至 2022-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2011020&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
NSF Postdoctoral Fellowship Biology FY

项目摘要

This action funds an NSF Postdoctoral Research Fellowship in Biology for FY 2020, Integrative Research Investigating the Rules of Life Governing Interactions Between Genomes, Environment and Phenotypes. The fellowship supports research and training of the Fellow that will contribute to the area of Rules of Life in innovative ways. Many living things benefit each other, and these relationships often involve multiple species. Why are these interactions not specialized on a single “best” partner? This research proposes a new Rule of Life to explain this paradox: Portfolio effects, predicting that diverse partners exist because no single partner is the “best” under all conditions. Like investors, organisms may need a broad portfolio of relationships, in case the environment changes. This project examines portfolio effects in the ectomycorrhizal mutualism, required by roughly 60% of trees. Ectomycorrhizal plants feed sugars to dozens of fungi on their roots in exchange for nutrients and water. Since trees live for decades, they must withstand environmental variation, from winter storms to droughts. Their fungi may offer different symbiotic benefits in these environments. Thus, trees may need to maintain fungal diversity over time. This research tests for portfolio effects in seedling recruitment, to improve predictions for how forests will respond to environmental variation. This research will also train undergraduate researchers underrepresented in ecology, and will support public lectures and a science workshop for middle school students.This project combines greenhouse experiments, gene expression analysis, and mathematical modeling to investigate portfolio effects. The Fellow will use Douglas fir and fungal cultures to understand how symbiotic fungal function varies under stress. The stressors tested – drought and nitrogen pollution – represent likely future environmental conditions in many forests. The Fellow will measure how well tree seedlings tolerate stress when associated with each fungus, and will measure fungal gene expression across environments, connecting genomes to phenotypes. Then, a statistical model will simulate how well a population of seedlings associated with the tested fungi would withstand a stressful growing season. Portfolio effects predict that populations of seedlings with more diverse symbionts will grow and survive more consistently. Finally, an eco-evolutionary model will examine how specialized a plant lineage will become, depending upon how frequently the environment shifts. Portfolio effects predict that variable environments should select for diverse (not specialized) associations. The Fellow will learn mathematical modeling with her mentor, and will collaborate with experts in France to enhance her metatranscriptomic analysis skills.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

这一行动为NSF 2020财年生物学博士后研究奖学金提供了资金，综合研究调查了基因组、环境和表型之间相互作用的生命规则。该奖学金支持研究员的研究和培训，这些研究员将以创新的方式为生活规则领域做出贡献。许多生物互惠互利，这些关系往往涉及多个物种。为什么这些互动不是专门针对单一的“最佳”合作伙伴？这项研究提出了一种新的生活法则来解释这一悖论：投资组合效应，预测存在不同的合作伙伴，因为没有一个单一的合作伙伴在所有条件下都是最好的。与投资者一样，有机体可能需要广泛的关系组合，以防环境发生变化。这个项目研究了外生菌根互惠关系中的组合效应，大约60%的树木需要外生菌根互惠关系。外生菌根植物向根部的数十种真菌提供糖分，以换取营养和水分。由于树木可以活几十年，它们必须经受住从冬季风暴到干旱等环境变化。它们的真菌可能会在这些环境中提供不同的共生益处。因此，树木可能需要随着时间的推移保持真菌多样性。这项研究测试了苗木补充中的组合效应，以提高对森林将如何应对环境变化的预测。这项研究还将培训生态学中代表性不足的本科生研究人员，并将支持公开讲座和中学生的科学研讨会。该项目结合温室实验、基因表达分析和数学建模来研究投资组合效应。这位研究员将使用道格拉斯冷杉和真菌培养来了解共生真菌在压力下的功能变化。测试的压力源--干旱和氮污染--代表了许多森林未来可能出现的环境状况。这位研究员将测量树苗在与每种真菌相关时对压力的耐受程度，并将测量真菌基因在不同环境中的表达，将基因组与表型联系起来。然后，一个统计模型将模拟与测试真菌相关的一组幼苗在多大程度上能经受住紧张的生长季节。组合效应预测，具有更多样化共生体的苗木种群将更稳定地生长和存活。最后，生态进化模型将考察植物谱系的专门化程度，这取决于环境变化的频率。投资组合效应预测，可变的环境应该选择不同的(不是专门的)联系。这位研究员将与她的导师一起学习数学建模，并将与法国的专家合作，提高她的元翻译分析技能。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。