RUI: Discovering New Sources of CP Violation in Flavor Phenomenology

该奖项资助劳伦斯技术大学布班约蒂·巴塔查里亚教授的研究活动。反物质都到哪里去了？尽管公认的粒子物理学理论预测，我们的宇宙应该有大致相同数量的物质和反物质，但我们看到的周围物质比反物质多得多。物质和反物质在一种称为电荷宇称的基本对称性下的行为相似。然而，涉及基本粒子的过程可能不会尊重这种对称性。违反CP的新物理理论的发现将导致对我们宇宙的更好理解，因为它们将能够解释为什么物质比反物质更多。物理学家希望在正在进行的研究基本粒子碰撞的全球实验中收集的数据中发现违反CP的新物理学。作为这项研究的一部分，Bhattacharya教授将开发新的方法来理解不同类型的新物理的性质，重点是所谓的假想粒子“阿尔卑斯山”。这些新粒子很重要，因为它们会影响目前在对撞机实验中进行的CP破坏测量。因此，这一领域的研究通过促进科学进步，加深对基本粒子、它们的性质以及它们如何相互作用的理解，促进了国家利益。预计该项目还将产生更广泛的重大影响。巴塔查里亚教授在以本科生为主的劳伦斯理工大学工作，他将积极吸引本科生参与他的研究。通过优先招收不同背景的学生，他将促进促进包容性的环境。Bhattacharya教授的学生将应用新开发的理论方法来分析数据并测试关于CP违规的新假设。与巴塔查里亚教授一起进行研究的学生还将接受计算思维培训，并获得可转移的技能，这些技能将使他们在未来的学术或工业职业生涯中取得成功。从技术上讲，巴塔查里亚教授的研究将揭示各种新物理模型中拟议的新耦合的复杂阶段。例如，Bhattacharya教授的研究重点是来自香料工厂的数据，如正在进行的LHCb和Belle II实验，他的研究将确定受阿尔卑斯山影响的过程，并计算它们对违反CP的可观察物的影响。风味工厂数据提供了关于重介子和夸克尼亚现象的信息。Bhattacharya教授的研究将通过使用近似的味道对称性和量化味道对称性破坏的程度来克服理解这些数据的挑战。他的研究还将开发在粒子物理标准模型中精确确定CP违反参数的新方法，例如Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa角伽马。使用计算驱动的方法，Bhattacharya教授和他的学生将确定数据如何偏离标准模型预测。通过使用新的物理模型解释这些偏差，Bhattacharya教授的研究将为发现CP违规的新来源指明一条道路。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award funds the research activities of Professor Bhubanjyoti Bhattacharya at Lawrence Technological University. Where is all the antimatter? Although established theories of particle physics predict that our universe should have roughly similar amounts of matter and antimatter, we see much more matter around us than antimatter. Matter and antimatter behave similarly under a fundamental symmetry called Charge-Parity, or "CP". However, processes involving elementary particles may not respect this symmetry. Discovery of new-physics theories that violate CP will lead to a better understanding of our universe, as they will be able to explain why there is more matter than antimatter. Physicists expect to find CP-violating new physics in data collected at ongoing worldwide experiments that study elementary-particle collisions. As part of this research, Professor Bhattacharya will develop new methods of understanding the properties of different types of new physics, with an emphasis on hypothetical particles called "ALPs". These new particles are important because they can affect CP-violation measurements currently being made at collider experiments. As such, research in this area advances the national interest by promoting the progress of science, creating a deeper understanding of elementary particles, their properties, and how they interact. This project is also envisioned to have significant broader impacts. Working at Lawrence Technological University, a predominantly undergraduate institution, Professor Bhattacharya will actively engage undergraduate students in his research. By prioritizing recruitment of students from diverse backgrounds, he will promote an environment that fosters inclusion. Professor Bhattacharya's students will apply newly-developed theoretical methods to analyze data and test new hypotheses about CP violation. Students conducting research with Professor Bhattacharya will also receive training in computational thinking and acquire transferable skills that will make them successful in future academic or industrial careers. More technically, Professor Bhattacharya’s research will reveal complex phases of proposed new couplings in a variety of new-physics models. For example, focusing on data from flavor factories such as the ongoing LHCb and Belle II experiments, Professor Bhattacharya’s research will identify processes affected by ALPs and calculate their effects on CP-violating observables. Flavor-factory data provide information on the phenomenology of heavy mesons and quarkonia. Professor Bhattacharya’s research will overcome challenges in understanding this data by using approximate flavor symmetries and by quantifying the extent of flavor-symmetry breaking. His research will also develop new methods for the precise determination of CP-violating parameters within the Standard Model of particle physics, such as the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angle gamma. Using computation-driven methods, Professor Bhattacharya and his students will identify how the data deviate from Standard-Model predictions. By explaining these deviations using new-physics models, Professor Bhattacharya's research will illuminate a path for the discovery of new sources of CP violation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.