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Research in Particle Theory, Cosmology, and Quantum Gravity

粒子论、宇宙学和量子引力研究

基本信息

批准号：
2014215
负责人：
Leonard Susskind
金额：
$ 247万
依托单位：
Stanford University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2023-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2014215&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Research Particle Theory Cosmology Quantum

项目摘要

This award funds the research activities of Professors Savas Dimopoulos, Peter Graham, Shamit Kachru, Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde, Leonardo Senatore, Stephen Shenker, Eva Silverstein, and Leonard Susskind at Stanford University.As part of their research activities, these nine professors will study a broad range of subjects, all aimed at answering two basic questions: Can we understand the origin and historical evolution of our Universe? And can we determine the nature of the basic building blocks --— the elementary particles —-- that constitute the world around us? This group of researchers will attack these questions from diverse perspectives. Professors Dimopoulos and Graham will focus on developing and proposing new techniques using cutting-edge modern technology to detect new particles (or even new forces that act between known particles) via experiments that fit on a table top. Professors Kallosh, Linde, and Senatore will focus on the behavior of our Universe at the largest observed scales. A number of experiments hint that the Universe expanded very rapidly, undergoing a period of cosmic "inflation" early in its history. Finding theoretical models of inflation that fit this data will be a part of this effort. Professors Shenker, Silverstein, and Susskind will focus on conceptual questions about the foundations of gravity as well as the interplay between gravity and quantum mechanics. This work will include attempts to understand the mysteries of black holes, wormholes, and other enigmatic objects that emerge within Einstein’s theory of gravity. Professor Kachru will focus on understanding the interplay between our most fundamental theories that unify gravity with quantum mechanics and ideas in modern mathematics. Each of these lines of research also has significant broader impacts that are in the natural interest. New tools will be developed which can have applications in diverse areas of science. Likewise, students and postdoctoral fellows who will be trained in the course of performing this research are likely to serve the nation in crucial ways, whether by joining the next generation of leaders in research and teaching, or by transferring their expertise towards the development of important new technologies in the private sector. These professors will also engage in outreach activities designed to bring the fruits of modern science to the general public through public lectures, videos, and popular publications, including books accessible to the general public.At a more technical level, Professors Dimopoulos and Graham will use quantum-interference effects in atomic physics, which can be measured to very high precision, to leverage indirect signs of potential new physics to detectable levels. Professors Kallosh and Linde will explore supergravity and string-theory models of the expanding Universe and their connection to the most recent experiments constraining early-Universe inflation. Professor Senatore will develop theoretical frameworks to predict large-scale structure based on models of the early Universe. Such frameworks can also be turned around, allowing the use of observed large-scale structure data to postdict inflationary parameters. Professor Shenker will study low-dimensional toy models of quantum gravity, which can be solved exactly via connections to models of random matrices. Professor Silverstein will study models of string theory in which the required extra dimensions are curled up on a space of negative curvature. Indeed, such models offer a natural home for cosmologies with accelerated expansion. Professor Susskind will investigate connections between complexity theory in the information sciences and gravity. Finally, Professor Kachru will use dualities in field theory and string theory to elucidate still-mysterious aspects of Calabi-Yau compactification of string theory (such as the explicit form of the Calabi-Yau metric), and also investigate connections between number-theoretic notions and string compactification.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项资助了斯坦福大学的Savas Dimopoulos、Peter Graham、Shamit Kachru、Renata Kallosh、Andrei Linde、列奥纳多Senatore、Stephen Shenker、伊娃西尔弗斯坦和伦纳德Susskind教授的研究活动。作为他们研究活动的一部分，这九位教授将研究广泛的主题，所有这些主题都旨在回答两个基本问题：我们能理解我们宇宙的起源和历史演变吗？我们能确定构成我们周围世界的基本组成部分--基本粒子--的性质吗？这组研究人员将从不同的角度探讨这些问题。季莫普洛斯教授和格雷厄姆教授将专注于开发和提出新技术，利用尖端的现代技术，通过适合桌面的实验来检测新粒子（甚至是已知粒子之间作用的新力）。教授Kallosh，林德和Senatore将专注于我们的宇宙在最大观测尺度的行为。许多实验暗示宇宙膨胀得非常迅速，在其历史的早期经历了一段宇宙“膨胀”时期。找到适合这些数据的通货膨胀理论模型将是这项工作的一部分。 Shenker，Silverstein和Susskind教授将专注于有关引力基础的概念问题以及引力和量子力学之间的相互作用。这项工作将包括试图了解黑洞，虫洞和其他神秘物体的奥秘，出现在爱因斯坦的引力理论。 Kachru教授将专注于理解我们最基本的理论之间的相互作用，这些理论将引力与量子力学和现代数学中的思想统一起来。这些研究中的每一条都有着符合自然利益的更广泛的影响。将开发可在不同科学领域应用的新工具。同样，在进行这项研究的过程中接受培训的学生和博士后研究员可能会以关键的方式为国家服务，无论是通过加入下一代研究和教学领导人，还是通过将他们的专业知识转移到私营部门重要的新技术的发展中。这些教授还将参与旨在将现代科学成果通过公开讲座、视频和大众出版物（包括普通大众可以获得的书籍）带给普通大众的外联活动。在更技术的层面上，Dimopoulos和Graham教授将使用原子物理学中的量子干涉效应，这种效应可以被测量到非常高的精度，利用潜在新物理学的间接迹象达到可检测的水平。教授Kallosh和林德将探索膨胀宇宙的超引力和弦理论模型，以及它们与约束早期宇宙膨胀的最新实验的联系。 Senatore教授将根据早期宇宙的模型开发理论框架来预测大规模结构。这样的框架也可以反过来，允许使用观测到的大尺度结构数据来预测通货膨胀参数。 Shenker教授将研究量子引力的低维玩具模型，这些模型可以通过与随机矩阵模型的连接来精确求解。西尔弗斯坦教授将研究弦理论的模型，其中所需的额外维度卷曲在负曲率的空间上。事实上，这样的模型为加速膨胀的宇宙学提供了一个天然的家园。 Susskind教授将研究信息科学中的复杂性理论与引力之间的联系。最后，Kachru教授将使用场论和弦论中的对偶来阐明弦论的卡-丘紧化仍然神秘的方面（例如卡-丘度规的显式形式），同时也调查数字之间的联系该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准。