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Collaborative research: Multi-disciplinary investigation of the links between volcanism, marine redox, and mass extinction during the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic

合作研究：对晚三叠世和早侏罗世期间火山活动、海洋氧化还原和大规模灭绝之间的联系进行多学科调查

基本信息

批准号：
2026882
负责人：
Andrew Caruthers
金额：
$ 16.55万
依托单位：
Western Michigan University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2026882&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative research Multi disciplinary investigation

项目摘要

The end-Triassic mass extinction that occurred ~210 million years ago was one of the largest in Earth’s history. Understanding the timeline of environmental stresses that led to this event and similar events, provide important context for understanding current and future global change. Our current understanding is limited, mostly because of the limited geographic coverage of data and most of exisiting studies narrowly focus on the time interval of the mass extinction itself. This study will address these gaps by investigating a record of environmental and biologic change that is recorded in the fossils and chemistry of sedimentary rocks now located in the Wrangell Mountains of Alaska. This unique sequence of rocks represent marine sediments that were deposited in an understudied part of the planet — the Paleo-Pacific or Panthalassic Ocean. Additionally, this project will enable the mentorship and scientific training of graduate and undergraduate students and will involve a number of public outreach activities that highlight the interdisciplinary nature of geoscience research used to tackle big scientific problems like the causes of mass extinctions. Museum and traveling exhibits will be developed and the project team will engage in visits to high school science classrooms and public science open houses.This study will use a multi-disciplinary approach to develop a more holistic understanding of the geographic and temporal record of marine diversity and redox conditions within the oceans before, during, and after the end-Triassic mass extinction from an understudied Panthalassic Ocean site. This will be accomplished by studying the long-term Late Triassic through Early Jurassic time interval recorded in the McCarthy Formation in the Wrangell Mountains of Alaska. Paleontological data will be collected for four major taxonomic groups (ammonoids, bivalves, conodonts, corals); geochemical data (carbon, sulfur, and thallium isotopes; iron speciation; redox-sensitive trace metal abundances); and uranium-lead dates from ash beds. Through the careful integration of the paleontological, geochemical, and geochronological results, the proposed study will provide a framework for understanding the relationship between the biotic, marine redox, and carbon cycle changes. Results of the proposed study will be used to directly assess and temporally constrain the timing of (1) marine diversity losses and recovery, (2) local and global environmental changes, and (3) the potential factors that led to mass extinction and allowed for faunal recovery during the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

发生在大约2.1亿年前的三叠纪末大灭绝是地球历史上最大的灭绝之一。了解导致这一事件和类似事件的环境压力的时间表，为理解当前和未来的全球变化提供了重要的背景。我们目前的理解是有限的，主要是因为数据的地理覆盖范围有限，而且大多数现有研究都狭隘地关注大灭绝本身的时间间隔。这项研究将通过调查阿拉斯加弗兰格尔山脉的沉积岩化石和化学物质中记录的环境和生物变化记录来解决这些空白。这一独特的岩石序列代表了沉积在地球上一个未被充分研究的部分——古太平洋或泛海纪海洋的海洋沉积物。此外，该项目将为研究生和本科生提供指导和科学培训，并将涉及一些公共宣传活动，以突出地球科学研究的跨学科性质，用于解决诸如大规模灭绝原因之类的重大科学问题。博物馆和巡回展览将被开发，项目团队将参与参观高中科学教室和公共科学开放日。本研究将采用多学科的方法，对三叠纪末大灭绝之前、期间和之后的海洋生物多样性和氧化还原条件的地理和时间记录进行更全面的了解。这将通过研究阿拉斯加Wrangell山脉McCarthy组记录的晚三叠世至早侏罗世的长期时间间隔来完成。将收集四个主要分类类群（菊石类、双壳类、牙形刺、珊瑚）的古生物资料；地球化学数据（碳、硫和铊同位素；铁的形态；氧化还原敏感的微量金属丰度）；而铀铅则来自火山灰层。通过仔细整合古生物学、地球化学和地质年代学的结果，本研究将为理解生物、海洋氧化还原和碳循环变化之间的关系提供一个框架。该研究结果将用于直接评估和时间限制(1)海洋多样性丧失和恢复的时间，(2)局部和全球环境变化，以及(3)导致晚三叠世至早侏罗世大规模灭绝和允许动物恢复的潜在因素。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。