BARLEY-NAM: Locating exotic genes that control agronomic traits under stress in a wild barley nested association mapping (NAM) population

BARLEY-NAM：在野生大麦嵌套关联作图（NAM）群体中定位在胁迫下控制农艺性状的外来基因

• 批准号: 243731129
• 负责人: Dr. David Jaques Bonfil
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Resistenzforschung und Stresstoleranz
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/243731129?language=en
• 关键词: BARLEY; NAM; Locating; exotic; genes

Delivering sustainable food production in the face of climate change requires a revolution in breeding crops that deliver high and sustainable yield under fluctuating disadvantageous environmental conditions. The ancestral wild germplasm of modern crops contains allelic variants that can achieve this goal, yet modern crops are becoming increasingly depleted in biodiversity. The two key obstacles to successful exploitation of wild germplasm are finding the wild-derived alleles needed and testing them in the field.The BARLEY-NAM project will use wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) as a model and apply novel genomic and breeding tools to improve agronomic performance of elite barley under abiotic and biotic stresses. For this, we will apply the nested association mapping (NAM) approach using the first cereal NAM population, HEB-25. HEB-25 comprises 1,420 BC1S3 lines, sub-divided into 25 families, originating from crosses of the elite barley cultivar Barke with 25 different wild barley donors. The HEB-25 lines will first be assessed for allele content at 21,643 genes (every known high-confidence barley gene), employing state-of-the-art exome capture and next generation sequencing. We expect to map roughly 400,000 SNPs within HEB-25 giving unprecedented levels of gene and genome resolution for barley. Second, all HEB lines will be cultivated in field trials in Germany, Scotland and Israel to assess agronomic performance under nitrogen deficiency, drought and pathogen attack. Yield components and nutrient content will be scored, as well as resistance against the major barley diseases leaf rust, yellow rust and net blotch. In addition, agronomic performance will be modelled by non-invasive remote sensing technology to establish phenotype predictions. Third, the collected data sets will be archived and further processed in a central data warehouse, built around a custom web-accessible relational database. Fourth, genotype and phenotype data of HEB-25 will be combined in a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) to identify wild barley alleles that improve plant performance under stress. Since the gene resolution is extremely high, this study will yield individual high confidence candidate genes that putatively regulate the studied traits. Fifth, to validate the identified trait-improving exotic alleles, segregating high-resolution progeny will be developed from the HEB lines. The BARLEY-NAM project will be beneficial in two directions. On the one hand, the genes and gene variants regulating agronomic traits in barley will be defined at a level of detail unprecedented for the crop and this will inform future strategies for parallel improvement in wheat and rye. On the other hand, trait-improving wild barley alleles will be available for application in future barley breeding. This will lead to new barley cultivars with improved performance and extend the biodiversity and sustainability of the elite barley gene pool.

要在气候变化的情况下实现可持续粮食生产，就需要在育种方面进行一场革命，使作物能够在波动的不利环境条件下实现高产量和可持续产量。现代作物的祖先野生种质含有可以实现这一目标的等位基因变异，然而现代作物的生物多样性正日益枯竭。成功开发野生种质的两个主要障碍是找到所需的野生等位基因并在田间进行测试。大麦- nam项目将使用野生大麦（Hordeum vulgare ssp）。以Spontaneum)为模型，应用新的基因组学和育种工具来提高优质大麦在非生物和生物胁迫下的农艺性能。为此，我们将使用第一个谷物NAM种群HEB-25应用嵌套关联映射（NAM）方法。HEB-25由1420个BC1S3系组成，分为25个家族，起源于优质大麦品种Barke与25种不同的野生大麦供体杂交。HEB-25系将首先采用最先进的外显子组捕获和下一代测序技术，评估21,643个基因（每个已知的高可信度大麦基因）的等位基因含量。我们预计在HEB-25中绘制大约40万个snp，为大麦提供前所未有的基因和基因组分辨率。其次，所有HEB品系将在德国、苏格兰和以色列进行田间试验，以评估缺氮、干旱和病原体侵袭下的农艺表现。将对产量组成和养分含量进行评分，以及对大麦主要病害叶锈病、黄锈病和网斑病的抗性。此外，农艺表现将通过非侵入式遥感技术建模，以建立表型预测。第三，收集到的数据集将被归档，并在一个中央数据仓库中进一步处理，该数据仓库是围绕一个定制的网络可访问关系数据库构建的。第四，在全基因组关联扫描（GWAS）中结合HEB-25的基因型和表型数据，鉴定野生大麦在逆境下提高植株性能的等位基因。由于基因分辨率非常高，本研究将产生个体高置信度的候选基因，这些候选基因推定地调节所研究的性状。第五，为了验证已鉴定的性状改良外来等位基因，将从HEB系中开发分离高分辨率后代。BARLEY-NAM项目将在两个方面有益。一方面，调节大麦农艺性状的基因和基因变异将在前所未有的详细水平上得到定义，这将为未来小麦和黑麦的平行改进策略提供信息。另一方面，具有性状改良作用的野生大麦等位基因在今后的大麦育种中具有一定的应用价值。这将产生性能更好的大麦新品种，并扩大大麦基因库的生物多样性和可持续性。