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The properties of mechanistic constitution

机械构造的性质

基本信息

批准号：
243746895
负责人：
Professor Dr. Jens Harbecke
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Volkswirtschaftslehre und Philosophie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Fellowships
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2012-12-31 至 2014-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/243746895?language=en
关键词：
properties mechanistic constitution

项目摘要

Two important aims of the contemporary philosophy of neurobiology are (a) to develop a descriptively adequate structural model of neurobiological explanations and (b) to determine a general methodology for neurobiological theory building. The two aims are connected in the sense that any candidate model of the logical structure of neurobiological explanations should be combinable with a set of rules for the discovery and extension of the instances of the model. One proposal trying to meet these demands that currently enjoys much popularity is the ``mechanistic approach'' to neurobiology (cf. Machamer et al. 2000, Craver and Darden 2001, Craver 2002, 2007). According to this theory, neurobiological explanations essentially have a causal and a constitutional ingredient. The establishment of both aspects requires certain methodological principles, where causal reasoning is less problematic than the reasoning about constitutional structures. Concerning the latter, the methodological proposal favoured by the proponents of the mechanistic approach is based on a ``manipulationist'' definition of constitution, according to which a mechanism constitutes another one if, and only if, (1) the first is mereologically related to the second and (2) the two are ``mutually manipulable''. It has recently been argued that the manipulationist definition faces certain conceptual problems (cf., for instance, Leuridan 2012). As an alternative, Mark Couch and myself have independently proposed a regularity account of mechanistic constitution (Harbecke 2010, Couch 2011). This approach appears to be conceptually sound and descriptively adequate with respect to certain paradigm neurobiological explanations (aim (a)). In this project, my aim is threefold. First, (i) I want to understand better the formal properties of mechanistic constitution and (ii) to develop a cost/gains comparison of my regularity account with competing notions. I have already worked on the connection of mechanistic constitution and supervenience (cf. Harbecke 2013a) as well as on best-system problems within mechanistic theories (cf. Harbecke 2013b). However, my account still lacks a comprehensive analysis of the connection between mechanistic regularity constitution and other classical notions from the metaphysics of science and mind, such as realization, emergence, composition etc. The third aim (iii) concerns the development of an adequate general methodology of constitutional reasoning in neurobiology based on regularity constitution (aim (b)). The goal will be to develop general algorithms specified for the development of neurobiological explanations. The rules guided by the algorithms will bear a certain correspondence to Boolean approaches to causal inference discussed in connection to regularity theories of causation. However, the transformation will require important adjustments.

当代神经生物学哲学的两个重要目标是：（a）发展一个足够解释神经生物学的结构模型;（B）确定一个建立神经生物学理论的一般方法。这两个目标是相连的，在这个意义上，任何候选模型的逻辑结构的神经生物学解释应该与一组规则的发现和扩展的实例模型相结合。一个试图满足这些要求的建议，目前享有很大的普及是“机械方法”的神经生物学（参见。Machamer等人2000，Craver和达登2001，Craver 2002，2007）。根据这一理论，神经生物学的解释基本上有一个因果和一个组成成分。这两个方面的建立都需要某些方法论原则，其中因果推理比关于宪法结构的推理问题要少。关于后者，机械论方法的支持者所赞成的方法论建议是以"操纵主义"的构成定义为基础的，根据这一定义，一个机制构成另一个机制，当且仅当：（1）第一个机制在局部上与第二个机制相关，（2）两者"相互可操纵"。最近有人认为，操纵主义的定义面临某些概念问题（参见，例如，Leuridan 2012）。作为替代方案，马克·库奇和我自己独立地提出了一个机械构成的规律性解释（Harbecke 2010，Couch 2011）。这种方法似乎在概念上是合理的，并且对于某些范式的神经生物学解释（目的（a））来说是足够的。在这个项目中，我的目标有三个。首先，（i）我想更好地理解机械构成的形式属性，（ii）将我的正则性解释与竞争概念进行成本/收益比较。我已经研究过机械构造和随附性的联系（参见《自然》）。Harbecke 2013a）以及机械论理论中的最佳系统问题（cf. Harbecke 2013 b）。然而，我的帐户仍然缺乏一个全面的分析之间的联系机械的规律性宪法和其他经典概念的形而上学的科学和心灵，如实现，出现，组成等第三个目标（iii）涉及的发展适当的一般方法论的宪法推理神经生物学的基础上的规律性宪法（目的（B））。我们的目标将是开发神经生物学解释的发展指定的通用算法。由算法指导的规则将承担一定的对应关系的因果关系的规律性理论中讨论的因果推理的布尔方法。然而，这种转变需要作出重大调整。