LIA: Collaborative Research: Biogeography, Population Genetics, and Ecology of two Common Species of Fleshy Red Algae in McMurdo Sound

LIA：合作研究：麦克默多海峡两种常见肉质红藻的生物地理学、群体遗传学和生态学

• 批准号: 2037598
• 负责人: Filipe Alberto
• 金额: $ 8.24万
• 依托单位: University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2037598&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: LIA; Collaborative; Research; Biogeography; Population

Climate change is changing the number of sea-ice free days in coastal polar environments, which is impacting Antarctic communities. This study will evaluate the change in macroalgae (seaweed) communities to increased light availability in order to predict if macroalgae will be able to spread to newly ice-free locations faster than invertebrates (e.g., sponges, bryozoans, tunicates, and polychaetes) in shallow underwater rocky habitats. Study sites will include multiple locations in McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea, Antarctica. This study will establish patterns in plant properties, genetic diversity and reproductive characteristics of two species of seaweeds, Phyllophora antarctica and Iridaea cordata in relation to depth and light. Long-term changes will be assesed by comparing to results from a survey in 1980. This will be the first study in the region to estimate the potential effects of climate, in particular reductions in annual sea ice cover and resulting increase in light intensity and duration, on shifts in macroalgal communities in McMurdo Sound. Three-dimensional photogrammetry will also be used to evaluate benthic community structure on the newly discovered offshore Dellbridge Seamount. Visualization from the video footage will be shared with web-based interactive applications to engage and educate the public in polar ecology and factors causing changes in marine community ecosystem structure in this important region.This project is evaluating macroalgae biogeography in Antarctic coastal waters near McMurdo Sound, a relatively understudied region that is experiencing large changes in fast sea ice coverage. The population ecology and genetic diversity of nearshore shallow and deeper offshore benthic macroalgal communities of Phyllophora antarctica and Iridaea cordata will be assessed for percentage cover, biomass, blade length, and reproductive characteristics at seven locations: Cape Royds, Cape Evans, Little Razorback Islands, Turtle Rock, Arrival Heights, Granite Harbor, and Dellbridge Seamount in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. The team is also assessing differential reproductive successes at different depths and comparing results to populations surveyed in 1980. The genetic diversity of the two species is being estimated using a combination of whole genome sequencing and species-specific microsatellite genetic markers. Samples from this study will be compared to samples collected from other regions in Antarctica such as the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula. In addition, a macroalgal assemblage and 3D models of the community structure will be generated using photogrammetry from the newly discovered Dellbridge Seamount that is located 2 km offshore in McMurdo Sound. With the addition of photogrammetry and 3D visualization to this research, web-based applications will be used to engage and educate the public in subtidal polar ecology, population genetics, and the importance of Antarctic science to their lives.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

气候变化正在改变沿海极地环境中无海冰的天数，这正在影响南极社区。这项研究将评估大型藻类(海藻)群落随着光能利用率的增加而发生的变化，以预测大型藻类是否能够比浅水水下岩石生境中的无脊椎动物(如海绵、苔藓虫、被毛类和多毛类)更快地扩散到新的无冰地点。研究地点将包括南极洲罗斯海麦克默多海峡的多个地点。这项研究将建立两种海藻的植物特性、遗传多样性和繁殖特性的模式与深度和光照的关系。长期的变化将通过与1980年的一项调查结果进行比较来评估。这将是该区域第一次评估气候对麦克默多海湾大型藻类群落变化的潜在影响，特别是每年海冰覆盖面积的减少以及由此导致的光照强度和持续时间的增加。三维摄影测量还将用于评估新发现的近海戴尔布里奇海山上的海底群落结构。视频片段的可视化将与基于网络的互动应用程序共享，以参与和教育公众关于极地生态和导致这一重要地区海洋群落生态结构变化的因素。该项目正在评估麦克默多海峡附近南极沿海水域的大型藻类生物地理学，这是一个相对研究较少的地区，正在经历快速海冰覆盖的巨大变化。将在南极洲麦克默多湾的罗伊德角、埃文斯角、小Razorback群岛、海龟岩、到达高地、花岗岩港和戴尔布里奇海山等七个地点对南极洲近岸浅海和深海底栖大型藻类群落的种群生态和遗传多样性进行百分比、生物量、叶片长度和繁殖特征的评估。该研究小组还在评估不同深度的不同生殖成功，并将结果与1980年调查的人群进行比较。这两个物种的遗传多样性正在使用全基因组测序和物种特有的微卫星遗传标记相结合的方法进行评估。这项研究的样本将与从南设得兰群岛和南极半岛等南极其他地区收集的样本进行比较。此外，位于麦克默多海湾离岸2公里的新发现的戴尔布里奇海山将使用摄影测量方法生成大型藻类组合和群落结构的3D模型。随着摄影测量和3D可视化的加入，基于网络的应用程序将被用于参与和教育公众关于潮下极地生态学、种群遗传学和南极科学对他们生活的重要性。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。