Emerging Areas of Science, Engineering, and Medicine for the Courts: A Workshop to Identify Chapters for a Fourth Edition of The Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence

法院的科学、工程和医学新兴领域：确定《科学证据参考手册》第四版章节的研讨会

• 批准号: 2041530
• 负责人: Anne-Marie Mazza
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: National Academy of Sciences
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2021-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2041530&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Emerging; Areas; Science; Engineering; Medicine

The Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence is a primary reference source for federal judges on questions of science in litigation. It is used not only by federal judges, but by state judges, attorneys, legal scholars, and law students. Its utility and widespread use is the result of the fair and balanced presentation it provides of fundamental principles of scientific methodology in areas likely to arise in expert testimony. Nine years have passed since the publication of the last (third) edition of the Reference Manual, and many of the chapters need updating to account for recent developments in science and law. For example, chapters on forensic science and DNA identification need updating to take into account new genetic testing techniques and methodologies, the chapter on neuroscience must take account of new approaches for detecting neural activity. A new edition will also need to address areas of science that have become important in litigation in recent years, e.g., computer software; prediction of dangerous behavior/genetic foundations of individual behavior; eyewitness identification; and climate change. The Committee on Science, Technology, and Law of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in collaboration with the Federal Judicial Center – the research and education agency of the judicial branch of the U.S. government – have agreed to pursue the development of a fourth edition of the Reference Manual and will convene a workshop to review the contents of the third edition and identify areas of science and technology that may be candidates for new or updated chapters in a new edition. A planning committee of 6-8 members equally divided between the legal and scientific/engineering/medical communities will be convened to plan the two-day virtual workshop. Working via conference calls, staff and the committee will define the workshop agenda, format, and topics and identify speakers. A rapporteur-authored proceedings in brief for the workshop will be issued to provide information that will be useful in the development of a fourth edition of the Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence. The workshop will advance the proper use and evaluation of scientific evidence in court by assisting judges in understanding scientific and technical information, thereby strengthening their understanding of the complex information that may be at issue in such disputes and their ability to engage in an informed conversation with lawyers, officers of the court, court-appointed experts, and others who seek to inform the court regarding relevant scientific and technical information. Making the best use of available evidence helps the judiciary ensure that all people are treated justly in the courts.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

《科学证据参考手册》是联邦法官关于诉讼中科学问题的主要参考资料。 它不仅被联邦法官使用，而且被州法官、律师、法律的学者和法律学生使用。 它的实用性和广泛使用是它在专家证词中可能出现的领域提供科学方法基本原则的公正和平衡的介绍的结果。《参考手册》上一版（第三版）出版已有九年，其中许多章节需要更新，以反映科学和法律方面的最新发展。例如，关于法医学和DNA鉴定的章节需要更新，以考虑到新的基因检测技术和方法，关于神经科学的章节必须考虑到检测神经活动的新方法。新版本还需要解决近年来在诉讼中变得重要的科学领域，例如，计算机软件;危险行为预测/个人行为的遗传基础;目击者鉴定;以及气候变化。美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院科学、技术和法律委员会，与美国政府司法分支的研究和教育机构联邦司法中心合作，同意继续编写《参考手册》第四版，并将召开一次研讨会，审查第三版的内容，确定科学领域，技术，可能是候选人的新的或更新的章节在新的版本。将召集一个由法律的和科学/工程/医学界平均分配的6-8名成员组成的规划委员会，以规划为期两天的虚拟讲习班。通过电话会议，工作人员和委员会将确定研讨会的议程，格式和主题，并确定发言者。将印发一份由报告员编写的讲习班简要记录，以提供有助于编写《科学证据参考手册》第四版的资料。 讲习班将通过协助法官理解科学和技术信息，促进在法庭上正确使用和评价科学证据，从而加强他们对此类争端中可能存在争议的复杂信息的理解，并加强他们与律师、法院官员、法院指定的专家、以及其他寻求向法院提供有关科学和技术信息的人。 充分利用现有证据有助于司法部门确保所有人在法庭上得到公正对待。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。