A Holistic View of Gas, Dust, and Metals in Galaxies

星系中气体、尘埃和金属的整体视图

• 批准号: 2108081
• 负责人: Karin Sandstrom
• 金额: $ 35.08万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2108081&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Holistic; View; Gas; Dust; Metals

The gas between stars is part of the interstellar medium (ISM) and is fundamental to understanding how galaxies evolve. However, the gas often can only be studied by indirect methods, and the most widely used tracer is emission from carbon monoxide (CO). This project will advance the understanding of CO and dust as tracers, using new observations of nearby galaxies from the Hubble Space Telescope, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, and other facilities. The team will study the CO emission from the ISM of the Magellanic Clouds, as well as the ISM in the centers of nearby galaxies. They will conduct a series of summer workshops designed to help transfer students moving from community colleges to UC San Diego. Transfer students are a diverse, highly motivated group, disadvantaged by the compressed timeline after transferring, and removing these barriers is a key step in broadening the participation of under-represented groups. Indirect methods are needed because most of the hydrogen molecules are too cold to produce emission lines. Calibrating CO emission as a tracer requires understanding several parameters: the dust-to-gas ratio as a function of metallicity, the relation between dust emission and dust mass at a given temperature, and the conversion between CO and hydrogen, all of which vary with conditions in the ISM. The new observations will be brought together to create an applicable prescription for dust emissivity, dust-to-gas ratio, and conversion factor, as a function of environment. This will allow assessment of the ISM gas content over the full range from the Milky Way to distant high-redshift galaxies, and help to remove inescapable systematic uncertainties intrinsic to the current approach. The work should yield new insights into the physical state of the ISM in galaxies, including the arrangement of molecular clouds and their response to galactic environment.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

恒星之间的气体是星际介质（ISM）的一部分，是理解星系演化的基础。然而，气体往往只能通过间接方法进行研究，最广泛使用的示踪剂是一氧化碳（CO）的排放。该项目将利用哈勃太空望远镜、阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列和其他设施对附近星系的新观测，推进对CO和尘埃示踪剂的理解。该团队将研究麦哲伦星云ISM的CO排放，以及附近星系中心的ISM。他们将举办一系列暑期研讨会，旨在帮助学生从社区学院转移到加州大学圣地亚哥分校。转学生是一个多元化、积极性高的群体，转学后由于时间轴压缩而处于不利地位，消除这些障碍是扩大代表性不足群体参与的关键一步。间接的方法是必要的，因为大多数氢分子太冷，产生发射线。校准CO排放作为示踪剂需要了解几个参数：粉尘与气体的比例作为金属量的函数，在给定温度下粉尘排放和粉尘质量之间的关系，以及CO和氢之间的转换，所有这些都随ISM中的条件而变化。新的观测结果将被汇集在一起，以创建一个适用的处方粉尘发射率，粉尘与气体的比例，和转换因子，作为环境的函数。这将允许在从银河系到遥远的高红移星系的整个范围内评估ISM气体含量，并有助于消除当前方法固有的不可避免的系统不确定性。这项工作将为ISM在星系中的物理状态提供新的见解，包括分子云的排列及其对星系环境的响应。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

项目成果

PHANGS–JWST First Results: A Global and Moderately Resolved View of Mid-infrared and CO Line Emission from Galaxies at the Start of the JWST Era

• DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/acab01
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal Letters
• 作者: A. Leroy;A. Bolatto;K. Sandstrom;E. Rosolowsky;A. Barnes;F. Bigiel;M. Boquien;J. D. den Brok;Yixian Cao;J. Chastenet;M. Chevance;I. Chiang 江;R. Chown;D. Colombo;S. Ellison;E. Emsellem;K. Grasha;J. Henshaw;A. Hughes;R. Klessen;E. Koch;Jaeyeon Kim;K. Kreckel;J. Kruijssen;K. Larson;Janice C. Lee;R. C. Levy;Lihwai Lin;Daizhong Liu;S. Meidt;J. Pety;M. Querejeta;M. Rubio;T. Saito;S. Salim;E. Schinnerer;M. Sormani;Jiayi Sun;D. Thilker;A. Usero;S. Vogel;E. Watkins;Cory M. Whitcomb;T. Williams;C. Wilson

Fuelling the nuclear ring of NGC 1097

为 NGC 1097 的核环提供燃料

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad1554
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Sormani, Mattia C.;Barnes, Ashley T.;Sun, Jiayi;Stuber, Sophia K.;Schinnerer, Eva;Emsellem, Eric;Leroy, Adam K.;Glover, Simon C. O.;Henshaw, Jonathan D.;Meidt, Sharon E.
• 通讯作者: Meidt, Sharon E.

The Physical Drivers and Observational Tracers of CO-to-H 2 Conversion Factor Variations in Nearby Barred Galaxy Centers

附近禁止星系中心CO-to-H 2 转换因子变化的物理驱动因素和观测示踪剂

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/accb86
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Teng, Yu-Hsuan;Sandstrom, Karin M.;Sun, Jiayi;Gong, Munan;Bolatto, Alberto D.;Chiang, I-Da;Leroy, Adam K.;Usero, Antonio;Glover, Simon C.;Klessen, Ralf S.
• 通讯作者: Klessen, Ralf S.

Wide-field CO isotopologue emission and the CO-to-H 2 factor across the nearby spiral galaxy M101

邻近螺旋星系 M101 的宽场 CO 同位素体发射和 CO-to-H 2 因子

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202245718
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: den Brok, Jakob S.;Bigiel, Frank;Chastenet, Jérémy;Sandstrom, Karin;Leroy, Adam;Usero, Antonio;Schinnerer, Eva;Rosolowsky, Erik W.;Koch, Eric W.;Chiang, I-Da
• 通讯作者: Chiang, I-Da

A 2–3 mm high-resolution molecular line survey towards the centre of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 6946

对附近螺旋星系 NGC 6946 中心进行的 2 × 3 毫米高分辨率分子线勘测

• DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202142624
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Astronomy & Astrophysics
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: Eibensteiner, C.;Barnes, A. T.;Bigiel, F.;Schinnerer, E.;Liu, D.;Meier, D. S.;Usero, A.;Leroy, A. K.;Rosolowsky, E.;Puschnig, J.
• 通讯作者: Puschnig, J.