RAPID/Collaborative Research: Investigation of 2021 Marshall Fire Impacts on Physical Infrastructure and Decision-Making Processes

快速/协作研究：调查 2021 年马歇尔火灾对实体基础设施和决策过程的影响

• 批准号: 2216962
• 负责人: Brad Wham
• 金额: $ 2.33万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-04-01 至 2023-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2216962&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RAPID; Collaborative; Research; Investigation; 2021

The Marshall Fire on December 30, 2021 greatly impacted the rapidly developing communities of Louisville, Superior, and unincorporated Boulder County. Boulder County adopted voluntary wildfire mitigation in 2011 and spent considerable funds on educating the public about the risks of wildfires. The fire impacted regions with a mixture of older homes (e.g., Original town Superior) and modern homes (built within the last 10-20 years). There is a critical gap in knowledge on how to design, build, and maintain more resilient communities, while balancing the demands of the present with the climate and infrastructure demands of the future. This Grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) collaborative project is led by structural, geotechnical, construction, and lifeline engineers, many of whom are cross-trained in social science and policy, to investigate damage patterns to physical infrastructure (buildings, foundations, and retaining structures), and the influence of that damage on decision-making processes for planning and reconstruction. More immediately, the results of this research will inform policies on building regulations in wildland urban interface (WUI) communities.This research will quantify the impact of building characteristics (year built, building and façade materials, foundation type and characteristics, proximity of other homes, presence/condition of fences or decks, proximity to vegetation) on housing survivability and re-occupancy in wildfires within grassland landscapes. Using the damage patterns and mechanistic behavior of the homes and their various structural components along with understanding of heat transfer and fire spread within a community, the PIs will develop a methodology to quantify exposure temperatures and duration. This data will be used to develop heat maps of the City of Louisville as a method to portray fire intensity throughout the town. These maps can be used by future research teams for benchmarking fire simulations and empirically-designed or validated predictive models. The research will also characterize the jurisdictional reconstruction decision-making processes and tradeoffs in the early post-disaster reconstruction phase.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

2021年12月30日的马歇尔大火极大地影响了路易斯维尔、苏必利尔县和未合并的博尔德县快速发展的社区。博尔德县在2011年采取了自愿的野火缓解措施，并花费了大量资金来教育公众有关野火风险的知识。这场大火影响了一些地区，既有老房子(如苏必利尔镇)，也有现代房屋(建于过去10-20年)。在如何设计、建设和维护更具弹性的社区，同时平衡目前的需求与未来的气候和基础设施需求方面，知识存在严重差距。该快速反应研究补助金(RAPID)合作项目由结构、岩土、建筑和生命线工程师领导，他们中的许多人都接受过社会科学和政策方面的交叉培训，以调查有形基础设施(建筑物、基础和围护结构)的破坏模式，以及这种破坏对规划和重建决策过程的影响。更直接的是，这项研究的结果将为荒地城市界面(WUI)社区的建筑法规提供政策参考。这项研究将量化建筑特征(建造年份、建筑和外墙材料、基础类型和特征、与其他住宅的接近程度、栅栏或甲板的存在/状况、与植被的接近程度)对草原景观中野火中房屋的生存能力和再入住率的影响。利用房屋及其各种结构组件的损坏模式和机械行为，以及对社区内的热传递和火灾传播的了解，PI将制定一种方法来量化暴露温度和持续时间。这些数据将被用来开发路易斯维尔市的热图，作为描绘整个城镇火灾强度的一种方法。这些地图可以被未来的研究团队用来对火灾模拟和经验性设计或验证的预测模型进行基准测试。这项研究还将描述灾后重建早期阶段的司法重建决策过程和权衡。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。