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Collaborative Research: RUI: Bank type, bank market ecologies, and support of small businesses

合作研究：RUI：银行类型、银行市场生态以及对小企业的支持

基本信息

批准号：
2218045
负责人：
Mark Cassell
金额：
$ 8.4万
依托单位：
Kent State University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2022
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2022-09-01 至 2024-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2218045&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research RUI Bank type

项目摘要

American banking has long denied credit to borrowers in poor and marginalized communities. Yet that system contains a striking variety of lending organizations, ranging from global corporate behemoths to community banks, credit unions and community development institutions, that embrace very different business models missions and values, and that relate to borrowers and communities, including poor and traditionally marginalized minority ones, in very different ways. This project analyzes that organizational variety and its impact in the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) to determine how differences in lending organizations and the ecologies or mixes of lenders that populate banking markets shape–and might enhance—access to credit for small business in poor and non-white communities. Ideally suited for this study, the PPP was a federal government program that worked though the nations’ existing lenders to issue nearly 12 million loans to businesses to keep workers on payroll during the pandemic, and produced detailed data on where and to whom lenders lent.To address the impact of lender organizational form and bank market ecologies on credit flows, this project combines interviews of lenders and borrowers with multi-level quantitative analyses of a new data set on all PPP loans that links: a) data on lending by seven lender types and socio-economic conditions in 32,000 communities, with b) data on the organizational compositions of 625 regional banking markets that served those communities. These analyses contribute broadly to understanding how organization shapes inequality, while extending organizational ecology and institutional research on organizational form and complexity to new outcomes. They address a key gap in our knowledge of class and ethno-racial divides in banking and credit, integrating work in organizational studies, economic sociology and political economy on bank organization, banking systems and their economic impacts with research in sociology, law and allied fields, which extensively analyzes banking and credit as sites of discrimination and segregation, but commonly sets organizational variety in banking aside (or focus on large banks) to document broader systemic tendencies. And by identifying possibilities for greater inclusivity within American banking—and in government programs that work though that system – this project highlights new avenues for reform, including building the capacities of lenders that engage traditionally marginalized communities and altering mixes of institutions in regional markets.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

长期以来，美国银行业一直拒绝向贫困和边缘化社区的借款人提供信贷。然而，这一系统包含了各种各样的贷款组织，从全球企业巨头到社区银行、信用合作社和社区发展机构，它们采用非常不同的商业模式、使命和价值观，并以非常不同的方式与借款人和社区，包括贫穷和传统上被边缘化的少数群体建立关系。该项目分析了组织的多样性及其在工资保护计划（PPP）的影响，以确定如何在贷款组织和生态或贷款人的组合，填充银行市场的形状差异，并可能提高获得信贷的贫困和非白人社区的小企业。PPP是一个联邦政府项目，非常适合这项研究。该项目通过美国现有的贷款机构向企业发放了近1200万笔贷款，以在疫情期间维持工人的工资，并提供了有关贷款机构向何处和向何人贷款的详细数据。为了解决贷款机构组织形式和银行市场生态对信贷流动的影响，该项目将贷款人和借款人访谈与对所有公私伙伴关系贷款新数据集的多层次定量分析相结合，这些数据集将：（a）关于32 000个社区的七种贷款人类型和社会经济条件的贷款数据，B）为这些社区提供服务的625个区域银行市场的组织结构数据。这些分析有助于理解组织如何塑造不平等，同时将组织生态学和组织形式和复杂性的制度研究扩展到新的结果。他们解决了我们对银行业和信贷业的阶级和民族种族划分的认识中的一个关键差距，将组织研究，经济社会学和政治经济学中的工作与社会学，法律和相关领域的研究相结合，银行组织，银行系统及其经济影响，广泛分析银行业和信贷作为歧视和隔离的场所，但通常将银行业的组织多样性放在一边（或专注于大型银行），以记录更广泛的系统性趋势。通过确定美国银行业内部以及通过该系统运作的政府项目中更大包容性的可能性，该项目突出了改革的新途径，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的知识产权进行评估来支持。优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。