Collaborative Research: SHINE: Where Are Particles Accelerated in Coronal Jets?

关于冲激太阳高能粒子的源区及其逃逸到日光层的关键问题仍然存在。了解它们的来源将有助于预测空间天气及其对航天器和仪器的影响。该项目涉及太阳、日光圈和行星际环境(SIRE)目标，以加强对太阳产生磁场和粒子形式的能量并在星际空间加速的过程的理解。研究生和本科生研究人员将得到支持。此外，还将建立一个日冕喷流事件数据库。该项目是对日冕喷流的观测和理论研究，以回答两个科学问题：(1)活动区外围喷流中电子被加速的位置？(2)来自活动区外围喷流的耀斑加速粒子如何逃逸到日光层？该方法结合了高质量的观测和最先进的数值模拟。该团队将从天基和陆基天文台选择和分析活动区外围的一组日冕喷流，包括美国国家科学基金会资助的扩展欧文斯谷太阳能阵列。他们将确定哪些类型的喷流与冲激的太阳高能粒子事件有关，高能电子位于太阳源内外的哪里，以及这些事件是如何演变的。它们的磁性拓扑结构将通过磁图的非线性无力场外推来估计。根据数据分析结果，他们将用与观测事件的典型属性一致的初始条件进行模拟。用粒子跟踪代码对模拟输出进行后处理将揭示电子在哪里被激发，它们的光谱是如何演变的，以及这些高能粒子是如何逃逸的。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Key questions remain regarding the source regions of impulsive solar energetic particles and their escape into the heliosphere. Understanding their origin will help in forecasting space weather and its impacts on spacecraft and instruments. This project addresses the Solar, Heliospheric, and Interplanetary Environment (SHINE) goal to enhance understanding of processes by which energy in the form of magnetic fields and particles are produced by the Sun and accelerated in interplanetary space. Graduate and undergraduate researchers will be supported. Further, a database of solar coronal-jet events will be created.The project is an observational and theoretical study of coronal jets to answer two science questions: (1) Where are electrons accelerated in active-region periphery jets? (2) How do flare-accelerated particles from active-region periphery jets escape into the heliosphere? The approach combines high-quality observations with state-of-the-art numerical simulations. The team will select and analyze a set of coronal jets at active-region peripheries from space-based and ground-based observatories, including the NSF-funded Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array. They will determine which types of jets are associated with impulsive solar energetic particle events, where the high-energy electrons are located both within and beyond the solar sources, and how these events evolve. Their magnetic topologies will be estimated by nonlinear force-free field extrapolations from magnetograms. Based on the data analysis results, they will perform simulations with initial conditions consistent with typical properties of the observed events. Postprocessing the simulation output with the particle-tracking code will reveal where electrons are energized, how their spectra evolve, and how these energetic particle escape.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.