SBIR Phase I: A Handheld Fine-Grained Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) Localization System for Retail Automation

这个小企业创新研究（SBIR）第一阶段项目的更广泛/商业影响将保护零售商店免受商品损失。由于劳动力短缺、来自电商巨头的竞争以及现代消费者不断变化的期望，实体零售业正在经历一场前所未有的转型。在过去的十年里，实体零售业损失了数十亿美元。为了解决这些问题，零售商一直在采用新的数字技术来获得库存可视性，优化商店运营，并获得客户洞察力。90%以上的美国零售商采用的一项关键技术是无线射频识别（RFID）。RFID标签是一种廉价的、无线的、无电池的贴纸（类似于条形码），它使零售商能够实现准确的全店库存，从而为零售商带来了显著的收入增长。现有的（便携式）RFID技术只能确定带有RFID标签的物品是否在商店（即库存），与之相反，拟议的技术旨在精确定位这些物品在整个商店。这项技术利用了数十亿个现成的超高频（UHF） RFID标签，这些标签已经贴在了服装、鞋类和服装上。与现有的只能检测RFID标签物品的移动解决方案相比，该团队的手持设备利用复杂的信号激发和处理技术，以分米尺度的精度确定每个RFID的确切位置。该SBIR第一阶段项目将建立一个能够识别和精确定位rfid标签物品的系统，包括三个主要创新组件：(1)定位rfid的便携式手持无线设备，(2)处理和存储数据的可扩展云和边缘计算平台，以及(3)用于访问数据和优化零售商店员工挑选任务的移动和网络用户界面。实现端到端平台需要开发高效的传感器融合算法和低功耗、低成本的硬件，以实现准确、鲁棒和低延迟的定位。该技术需要解决边缘设备上的计算、内存、带宽和功率限制所带来的挑战。该平台还需要开发拆分和云计算架构，以有效地实时处理来自多个手持设备的数据，并提供可通用的应用程序编程接口（api），将该数据管道与零售客户集成在一起。在第一阶段结束时，该项目将在一家零售商店试用完全集成的系统，以评估其实际性能。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader/commercial impacts of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project will protect retail stores from loss of merchandise. Brick-and-mortar retail is undergoing an unprecedented transformation, having lost billions of dollars over the past decade due to labor shortages, competition from e-commerce giants, and changing expectations from the modern consumer. To address these issues, retailers have been adopting new digital technologies to gain visibility into their inventory, optimize store operations, and gain customer insights. A key technology that has been adopted by over 90% of US retailers, is Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID). RFID tags are cheap, wireless, and battery-less stickers (similar to barcodes) that have allowed retailers to achieve accurate store-wide inventory, resulting in a significant revenue increase for retailers. In contrast to existing (portable) RFID technology which can only determine whether RFID-tagged items arein the store (i.e., inventory), the proposed technology aims to precisely locate these items throughout the store. The technology leverages billions of off-the-shelf ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID tags that are already attached to clothing, footwear, and apparel items. In contrast to existing mobile solutions which can only detect RFID-tagged items, the team's handheld device leverages sophisticated signal excitation and processing techniques to pin down each RFID’s exact position with decimeter-scale accuracy. This SBIR Phase 1 project will build a system capable of identifying and precisely locating RFID-tagged items and includes three main innovative components: (1) a portable, handheld wireless device for locating RFIDs, (2) a scalable cloud and edge computing platform to process and store the data, and (3) a mobile and web user interface for accessing the data and optimizing picking tasks for retail store associates. Realizing the end-to-end platform requires developing efficient sensor fusion algorithms and low-power, low-cost hardware for accurate, robust, and low-latency localization. This technology necessitates addressing challenges that arise from the computational, memory, bandwidth, and power constraints on the edge device. The platform also requires developing the split and cloud computing architecture to efficiently process data from multiple handheld devices in real-time as well as provide the generalizable application programming interfaces (APIs) to integrate this data pipeline with the retail customers. By the end of the Phase I period, the project will have piloted the fully-integrated system in a retail store to evaluate its real-world performance.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.