Collaborative Research: IRES Track 1: Transarctic Connections: Linking Alaskan Students with Finnish Arctic Scientists for Research in the Rapidly Changing Arctic

合作研究：IRES 第 1 轨道：跨北极联系：将阿拉斯加学生与芬兰北极科学家联系起来，研究快速变化的北极

• 批准号: 2246406
• 负责人: Nathan Stansell
• 金额: $ 7.5万
• 依托单位: Northern Illinois University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-07-01 至 2026-06-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2246406&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; IRES; Track; Transarctic

Quantifying carbon stored in the wetlands of Finnish Lapland and the hydroclimate patterns that control these carbon stocks will help to understand the role of the Arctic in future global climate changes. This IRES project will partner with the University of Oulu and Pallas Field Station to train U.S. students in field-based geoscience methods to determine how shifting climate patterns influence polar wetlands and their fate in the carbon cycle. This project will use cutting edge field, laboratory, and modeling-based methods to better understand rapidly changing environmental conditions in high northern latitudes and to train the next generation of scientists on issues especially relevant to Arctic stakeholders. Four students from Alaska (including Alaska Natives and those from 2-year colleges) will be recruited each year and travel to Finland to learn about science and experience the rapidly changing Arctic beyond what is seen in Alaska (USA). Peatlands are wetlands that accumulate and store carbon-rich organic matter. The fate of this carbon under a warming climate, which is changing hydrological patterns, has important consequences for global climate feedbacks. High northern latitude peatlands store large stocks of carbon, possibly equivalent to around 25% (600 Gt) of the global soil carbon and likely twice that of Earth’s forests. However, current estimates of peatland carbon stocks vary by over 100% (~500-1,000GtC), as estimates are largely based on methods used to assess carbon changes through time, not space. These data likely do not reflect the actual volume of carbon in a peatland due to differences in topography and peat composition. To address this, we will investigate hydroclimate patterns and estimate peatland carbon stocks across basins with a combination of ground penetrating radar (GPR), sediment cores, and water isotope-based climate models. Through this approach, we will test the following research questions: 1) How much carbon is stored in the Pallas area peatlands? 2) What is the spatial and temporal variability of various source water contributions to peatlands? 3) How do different water residence times impact changes in peatland ecohydrology? 4) How does variable shallow-surface hydrology impact the flux of carbon (CO2 or CH4) from these systems? and 5) Does hydrology control peatland depth?This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

量化芬兰拉普兰湿地中储存的碳以及控制这些碳储存的水文气候模式将有助于了解北极在未来全球气候变化中的作用。 这个IRES项目将与欧卢大学和帕拉斯野外站合作，对美国学生进行基于野外的地球科学方法培训，以确定气候变化模式如何影响极地湿地及其在碳循环中的命运。 该项目将使用尖端的实地、实验室和基于模型的方法，以更好地了解北方高纬度地区迅速变化的环境条件，并就与北极利益攸关方特别相关的问题培训下一代科学家。每年将招募四名来自阿拉斯加的学生（包括阿拉斯加原住民和两年制大学的学生），前往芬兰学习科学，体验阿拉斯加（美国）以外迅速变化的北极。泥炭地是湿地，积累和储存富含碳的有机物质。在气候变暖的情况下，这种碳的命运正在改变水文模式，对全球气候反馈产生重要影响。高北方纬度的泥炭地储存了大量的碳，可能相当于全球土壤碳的25%（600 Gt），可能是地球森林的两倍。 然而，目前对泥炭地碳储量的估计差异超过100%（约500-1，000 GtC），因为估计主要基于用于评估随时间而不是空间的碳变化的方法。由于地形和泥炭成分的差异，这些数据可能并不反映泥炭地的实际碳量。 为了解决这个问题，我们将调查水文气候模式，并结合探地雷达（GPR），沉积物岩心和基于水同位素的气候模型来估计整个盆地的泥炭地碳储量。通过这种方法，我们将测试以下研究问题：1）有多少碳储存在帕拉斯地区泥炭地？2)不同水源水对泥炭地贡献的空间和时间变化是什么？3)不同的水停留时间如何影响泥炭地生态水文学的变化？4)变化的浅地表水文如何影响这些系统的碳（CO2或CH 4）通量？水文控制泥炭地深度吗？该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为是值得通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估的支持。