Agentivity, Animacy and Telicity: Pragmatic Inferences in Intransitive Clauses

和许多其他语言一样，德语不及物动词分为非宾格动词，如entkomman‘逃跑’和非作格动词，如reden‘talk’。在以前的研究中，非宾格动词被假设为表示位置或状态的改变并选择患者角色的Telic动词；非作格动词被分析为具有施事角色的属性动词。因此，受事性和传播性在分裂不及物中是负相关的。不及物动词的助动词选择和被动化与非宾格动词密切相关：be是可以接受的，Have和被动化是不能接受的。相比之下，BE是不可接受的，而Have和被动化对于非作格动词是可以接受的。然而，施事性(通过生命性检验)和传播性之间的假设负相关以及辅助选择和非人格化之间的假设密切匹配是值得怀疑的。我们将通过放大不及物动词来系统地探讨这些问题，这些动词在施事、及物性和辅助选择方面都是灵活的，如Ger。施韦恩‘漂浮，盘旋’和施维门‘游泳，漂浮’。有了这样的动词，施事性、生动性和传播性可能会以一种依赖于语境的方式发生变化，并可能被用于实验目的。本项目将为优先计划XPrag.de的主要目标做出贡献：通过结合先进的实验方法，如快速可接受性判断和电生理数据(ERP)，基于实验证据的新语用理论，以探索之前被忽视的语境信息在分裂不及物现象中的影响问题。在更广泛的层面上，我们讨论了语用学在语言构建和语言处理中的作用，正如舒马赫(2012,2013)的句法-语篇处理模型所描述的那样。根据这一模型，在语言处理过程中，语境相关信息与语法信息在两个相当不同的操作中被递增和交互地使用。这个模型与最近不同类型的信息可能相互作用的性能兼容的语法方法是一致的。

As in many other languages, German intransitive verbs are split into unaccusatives such as entkommen 'escape' and unergatives such as reden 'talk'. In previous research, unaccusatives are assumed to be telic verbs that denote a change of location or state and to select a patient role; unergative verbs are analysed as atelic verbs with an agent role. Thus, agentivity and telicity are inversely correlated in split intransitivity. Auxiliary selection and passivization of intransitive verbs are closely linked as follows: BE is acceptable, while HAVE and passivization are unacceptable with unaccusatives. In contrast, BE is unacceptable, while HAVE and passivization are acceptable with unergatives. However, the hypothesized inverse correlation beween agentivity (tested via animacy) and telicity and the assumed close match between auxiliary selection and impersonal passivization are questionable. We will explore these issues systematically by zooming in on intransitive verbs that are flexible with respect to agentivity, telicity and auxiliary choice, such as Ger. schweben 'float, hover' and schwimmen 'swim, float'. With such verbs, agentivity, animacy and telicity may change in a context-dependent way and may be manipulated for experimental purposes.This project will contribute to the main goals of the Priority Programme XPrag.de: New Pragmatic Theories based on Experimental Evidence by using a combination of advanced experimental methods such as speeded acceptability judgements and electro-physiological data (ERP) in order to explore the previously neglected issue of the impact of contextual information in split intransitivity phenomena. On a more general level, we address the role of pragmatics in the architecture of language and in language processing, as en¬visaged by Schumacher's (2012, 2013) Syntax-Discourse Processing Model. According to this model, context dependent information is used incrementally and interactively with grammatical information in two rather distinct operations during language processing. This model is in line with recent performance-compatible approaches to grammar in which different types of information may interact.