'Sympathy, Imitation, and Ambition': The German Discovery of Medieval South Italy in the 19th Century

“同情、模仿和野心”：19 世纪德国人对中世纪意大利南部的发现

• 批准号: 254969058
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Gabriella Cianciolo, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Kunsthistorisches Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/254969058?language=en
• 关键词: Sympathy; Imitation; Ambition; German; Discovery

From the Normans to the Swabians, and the Anjou to the Aragonese, successive dynasties in southern Italy from the 11th to the 15th century created a variegated and shifting political framework that contributed to the growth of an extraordinarily rich architecture influenced by both Eastern and Western cultures. In contrast to earlier periods, the 19th century witnessed a considerable increase in attention to this architecture that went well beyond regional and national boundaries. Indeed, the rediscovery of southern Italy's medieval architecture and art in the late 18th-early 19th centuries was primarily effected through the perceptive and investigative gazes of non-Italian scholars: Germans, in particular, were among the first to turn their attention to Norman-Sicilian buildings, and to discover Hohenstaufen architecture in Apulia.Within the general interest in what Séroux d'Agincourt called art history's missing link, i.e. the Middle Ages, this research project investigates the reception outside Italy of the architecture of the medieval Kingdom of Sicily. Through an analysis of a wide range of textual and visual sources, I especially want to examine the ways in which this architecture was discovered, perceived, represented, studied, and revisited on the other side of the Alps, as well as its impact at various levels on the artistic and cultural life in countries such as Germany, England, and France. The objective is to provide a new approach to understanding the 19th century reception of southern Italian medieval architecture, placing greater emphasis on its transnational dimension. The final aim is to contribute not only to the study of the reception itself, but also to the understanding of its motives in an international and comparative perspective.By approaching this subject within a broader geographical and disciplinary context, one which goes beyond the obvious, already much explored interest in local past and artistic traditions by Italian scholars, I assess the importance of foreign, and in particular German, perspectives. Additionally, I argue that the 19th century rediscovery of Norman, Hohenstaufen, and Angevin architecture of the medieval Mezzogiorno occurred under the combined pressure of various major Western forces and movements: Historicism, Nationalism, and Orientalism. In a complex relationship between patriotic sentiment and a quest for the 'other', these forces generated a renewed interest in this fascinating border zone, a liminal tract between Europe, Africa, and the East, and its extraordinarily rich and complex architectural tradition, a tradition previously considered 'barbarian' and relegated to the margins of European art histories.

从诺曼人到斯瓦比亚人，从安茹人到阿拉贡人，从11世纪到15世纪，意大利南部的连续王朝创造了一个多样化和不断变化的政治框架，促进了受东西方文化影响的非常丰富的建筑的发展。与早期相比，19世纪对这一建筑的关注大大增加，远远超出了区域和国家的界限。事实上，18世纪末19世纪初，对意大利南部中世纪建筑和艺术的重新发现，主要是通过非意大利学者的洞察力和调查目光实现的：尤其是德国人，他们是最早将注意力转向诺曼-西西里建筑的人之一，并在阿普利亚发现了霍亨斯陶芬建筑。在对Séroux d 'Agincourt所谓的艺术史缺失环节的普遍兴趣中，即中世纪，本研究项目调查了意大利以外对中世纪西西里王国建筑的接受情况。通过对大量文本和视觉资料的分析，我特别想研究阿尔卑斯山另一边的建筑是如何被发现、感知、表现、研究和重访的，以及它对德国、英国和法国等国家的艺术和文化生活在各个层面上的影响。其目的是提供一种新的方法来理解19世纪世纪接受意大利南部的中世纪建筑，更加强调其跨国层面。最后的目的是不仅有助于研究的接待本身，但也了解其动机在国际和比较perspectives.By接近这个问题在一个更广泛的地理和学科背景下，一个超越了明显的，已经探索了很多兴趣在当地的过去和艺术传统的意大利学者，我评估外国的重要性，特别是德国，视角此外，我认为，19世纪世纪诺曼，霍亨斯陶芬和安茹建筑的中世纪Mezzogiorno发生在各种主要的西方力量和运动的综合压力下：历史主义，民族主义和东方主义。在爱国情绪和对“他者”的追求之间的复杂关系中，这些力量激发了人们对这个迷人的边境地区的新兴趣，这是欧洲、非洲和东方之间的一片边缘地带，以及其极其丰富和复杂的建筑传统，这种传统以前被认为是“野蛮人”并被降级到欧洲艺术史的边缘。