Elements: The TARDIS radiative transfer framework - A modeling toolkit for transients

超新星是一种强大的宇宙爆炸，对研究星系演化、重元素生产和宇宙动力学至关重要。TARDIS项目旨在促进我们对超新星的理解。Tardis是一个开放科学的辐射传输代码，它允许科学家对各种类型的超新星进行建模和模拟，从而解锁对其物理的洞察。随着超新星发现的数量呈指数级增长，TARDIS为理解这些现象提供了宝贵的工具。TARDIS项目通过培训方案和开放式科学方法积极支持科学教育和多样性。因此，TARDIS为来自不同背景的个人提供了从事尖端研究和为科学界做出贡献的机会。通过利用其开放科学辐射传输代码，TARDIS项目促进了科学进步，造福了社会，并促进了科学界的包容性和多样性。观测能力的快速提高导致天体物理瞬变领域的发现空间大幅增加。由于超级计算资源的广泛使用，理论已经取得了巨大的飞跃，使得模拟能够以前所未有的细节进行。TARDIS是一种开放科学的辐射传输程序，已被用于模拟各种天体物理瞬变(超新星、超光速超新星、千年新星)。透明的治理结构和公平的准入为该项目吸引了大约100名开发人员，并为TARDIS社区赢得了开放科学基金会NUMFOCUS的财政赞助。Tardis使用基于GitHub生态系统的最先进的行业标准技术。为了便于开发和使用(特别强调包括新的贡献者)，使用了Python语言，并通过其科学堆栈(包括NUMPY、PANAS、ASTROPY)进行了增强。TARDIS所需的计算速度--而不牺牲开发的简易性--是通过使用由Numba包提供的新的即时编译器技术来实现的。TARDIS的分发是通过使用行业标准的包管理器(如Conda和PIP)来处理的。该项目采用两步法重组和增加一种新的依赖时间的模式，这将使TARDIS能够在比当前版本多一个数量级的科学案例中使用。它将TARDIS代码库模块化，将其分为状态对象和等离子体/传输解算器，然后为模型解算器、传输解算器和等离子体步骤添加全时依赖项。这些对TARDIS的补充将增加这一开放科学代码对更多科学案例的适用性，并将有助于更快速地添加新的微物理方向。这项由NSF高级网络基础设施办公室颁发的奖项由NSF天文科学部联合支持。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Supernovae are powerful cosmic explosions and are vital for studying galaxy evolution, heavy element production, and the dynamics of the universe. The TARDIS project aims to advance our understanding of supernovae. TARDIS is an open-science radiative transfer code, that allows scientists to model and simulate various types of supernovae, unlocking insights into their physics. With the number of supernova discoveries rising exponentially, TARDIS provides a valuable tool to comprehend these phenomena. The TARDIS project actively supports scientific education and diversity through training programs and an open-science approach. Thus TARDIS provides opportunities for individuals from varied backgrounds to engage in cutting-edge research and contribute to the scientific community. By utilizing its open-science radiative transfer code, the TARDIS project facilitates scientific progress, benefits society, and promotes inclusivity and diversity within the scientific community.The rapid increase in observational capability has led to vast increases in discovery space in the field of astrophysical transients. Theory has made large leaps due to the widespread availability of supercomputing resources enabling simulation at unprecedented detail. TARDIS is an open-science radiative transfer code that has been used to model a large variety of astrophysical transients (supernovae, superluminous supernovae, kilonovae). The transparent governance structure and equitable access have brought roughly one hundred developers to the project and earned the TARDIS community a fiscal sponsorship from the open-science foundation NUMFOCUS. TARDIS uses state-of-the-art industry-standard techniques based on the GitHub ecosystem. For ease of development and use (with a specific emphasis on including new contributors), the PYTHON language is used, enhanced by its scientific stack (including NUMPY, PANDAS, ASTROPY). The necessary computational speed for TARDIS – without sacrificing the ease of development – is achieved by using a novel Just-In-Time compiler technique provided by the NUMBA package. The distribution of TARDIS is handled via the use of industry-standard package managers for Python packages such as CONDA and PIP. This project uses a two-step approach to restructuring and adding a new time-dependent mode that will enable the use of TARDIS in an order of magnitude more science cases than the current version. It will modularize the TARDIS code base by separating it into state objects and plasma/transport solvers, then adds full-time dependence to the model solver, transport solvers, and plasma steps. These additions to TARDIS will increase the applicability of this open-science code to many more science cases and will also faciliitate a more rapid approach to adding new microphysics directions.This award by the NSF Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure is jointly supported by the NSF Division of Astronomical Sciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.