Body-worn camera metadata

社区信任对有效警务至关重要。作为建立这种信任的一种方式，美国在各级政府对警用随身摄像机（BWCs）进行了大量投资。这些摄像头是一种强大的技术，能够捕捉和存储警察和社区成员之间的互动。因此，他们承诺对警方进行前所未有的监督。然而，生物武器必须手动激活，而且官员有时无法激活它们，即使在部门政策规定他们应该这样做的情况下。这可能会削弱生化武器的效力，特别是如果不启用生化武器是或似乎是军官为逃避监督而有意采取的策略。因此，至关重要的是要了解官员何时以及为何激活生物武器，研究不激活的后果，并制定鼓励更广泛激活的政策。本研究将采用一种创新的方法来处理现有的警察数据，以确定由生物武器公约记录的警务事件。警务活动包括要求服务、调查拦截、逮捕和使用武力。关键信息来自与每个生物武器公约记录相关联的元数据。元数据包括激活时间和佩戴摄像头的警官的身份。通过使用概率匹配技术将元数据与警务事件记录联系起来，研究人员可以创建关键的生物武器激活标签。这项研究将使用芝加哥的公开数据，芝加哥从2016年开始采用生物保护区。第一阶段的研究将集中于了解警务事件的哪些特征可以预测非激活。这些观察结果可以解释为什么警察有时无法激活。在第二阶段，研究人员将开发和测试警察在做出激活决策时所面临的环境和激励的理论模型。这些模型可以深入了解为什么生物武器的激活不是普遍的，以及如何实现这一目标。研究的第三阶段将使用有关法庭案件和警察不当行为调查的额外数据，以了解启用或不启用《生物武器公约》如何影响这些诉讼的结果。为了控制生物武器激活中的选择，我们将使用由主管分配和芝加哥在警察区逐步推出生物武器系统所产生的准实验变化。除了对生物武器激活的一般理解之外，该项目还具有潜在的更广泛的影响，其形式是对芝加哥警察局的可操作见解和更大的跨学科合作。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Community trust is essential to effective policing. At all levels of government, the United States has made significant investments in police body-worn cameras (BWCs) as a way to build this trust. These cameras are a powerful technology capable of capturing and storing interactions between an officer and members of the community. They therefore promise unprecedented levels of police oversight. However, BWCs must be manually activated, and officers sometimes fail to activate them, even in situations where department policies dictate that they should have. This may undermine the effectiveness of BWCs, especially if non-activation is or appears to be an intentional strategy for officers to avoid oversight. It is therefore crucial to understand when and why officers activate BWCs, to study the consequences of non-activation, and to develop policies that can encourage more widespread activation.This study will take an innovative approach to existing police data in order to identify policing events recorded by a BWC. Policing events include calls for service, investigatory stops, arrests, and uses of force. The key information comes from metadata associated with each BWC recording. Metadata include the time of activation and the identity of the officer wearing the camera. By using probabilistic matching techniques to link metadata to records of policing events, the researchers can create the crucial BWC activation label. This study will use publicly available data from Chicago, which adopted BWCs starting in 2016. The first stage of research will focus on learning what characteristics of a policing event predict non-activation. These observations can then inform theories about why officers sometimes fail to activate. In the second stage, researchers will develop and test theoretical models of the environments and incentives faced by police officers when they make activation decisions. These models can provide insight into why BWC activation is not universal and how to get it there. The third stage of the research will use additional data on court cases and police misconduct investigations to learn how BWC activation, or lack thereof, affects the outcomes of those proceedings. To control for selection in BWC activation, we will use the quasi-experimental variation produced by supervisor assignments and Chicago’s gradual rollout of BWCs across police districts. Beyond a general understanding of BWC activation, this project has potential for broader impacts in the form of actionable insights about the Chicago Police Department and greater interdisciplinary collaboration.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.