Beyond lake settlements:Studying Neolithic environmental changes and human impact at small lakes in Swizerland, Germany and Austria

瑞士、德国和奥地利的史前湖村遗址已经有150多年的历史了。2011年，其中100多处被联合国教科文组织授予世界文化遗产地位。该湖相聚落带主要可追溯到新石器时代（包括铜器时代）和青铜器时代，代表了阿尔卑斯山北方山麓的早期定居阶段。尽管对物质文化、定居动态、经济和生态进行了大量研究，但迄今为止，研究的重点几乎完全集中在位于阿尔卑斯山前较大湖泊上的经典遗址上。我们的建议侧重于小型浅水湖泊及其直接设置，以获得新的高分辨率数据的自然环境和人类的影响，在景观水平。最近的古生态学调查表明，小型浅水湖泊保存未受干扰的层状年沉积物，有可能产生超高分辨率的植被，古气候和人类影响的历时数据。三个微区域包含合适的小湖泊，这些湖泊位于复杂的考古景观中，目前在不同的分辨率水平上得到了理解，为项目合作伙伴提出的相互关联的跨学科研究计划提供了焦点。总体目标是整合微观区域、区域和宏观区域研究，以便更好地了解大规模的适应过程和长期的人为影响。

The prehistoric lake village sites of Switzerland, Germany and Austria have been known for more than 150 years. Over one hundred of them were accorded UNESCO World Cultural Heritage status in 2011. Mainly dating to the Neolithic (including Copper Age) and Bronze Age, the zone of lacustrine settlement represents an early phase of sedentarization in the northern foothills of the Alps. Despite much significant research on material culture, settlement dynamics, economy and ecology, the focus has hitherto been almost exclusively on the classic sites situated on the larger pre-Alpine lakes. Our proposal focusses on small shallow lakes and their immediate setting, in order to obtain new high-resolution data on natural environment and human impact at a landscape level. Recent palaeoecological investigation suggests that small shallow lakes preserve undisturbed laminated annual sediments with potential for generating ultra-high-resolution diachronic data on vegetation, palaeoclimate and human impact. Three micro regions containing suitable small lakes set within complex archaeological landscapes that themselves are currently understood at varying levels of resolution, provide the foci for the interlinked interdisciplinary research programmes proposed by the project partners. The overall aim is to integrate micro-regional, regional, and macro-regional studies so as to gain a better understanding of large-scale processes of adaptation and anthropogenic impact over time.