The Porta Nigra in TrierArchitectural, archaeological and art-historical study

特里尔的尼格拉门是阿尔卑斯山以北保存最完好的罗马城门。具有代表性的大门建筑是在公元2世纪下半叶建造的，两侧有两个塔楼和一个大门庭院。在11世纪，Porta Nigra最初是为后来被封为圣徒的僧侣Simeon提供的牢房，后来被改建为教堂。在18世纪以巴洛克风格重新设计后，黑门最终被世俗化，并在19世纪大部分拆除为古董元素。因此，它属于罕见的古色古香的大型建筑，具有悠久的使用和改造历史，但它的大部分古色古香的物质被保留了下来。在第一阶段，按照目前的科学标准进行了建筑调查，并对建筑阶段进行了检查。可以澄清的是，古代的尼格拉门仍未完工。研究了大量的来源和高质量的档案材料，并制定了特别是中世纪和巴洛克时期的重要信息。此外，这导致了中世纪阶段的新假设，并为圣西蒙教堂的巴洛克式精致提供了重要的见解。在此基础上，可以详细制定罗马、中世纪和巴洛克建筑阶段和艺术史分类，并全面出版。

The Porta Nigra in Trier is the best preserved Roman town gate north of the Alps. The representative gate construction with two flanking towers and a gate courtyard was erected in the second half of the 2nd century A.D. During the 11th century, the Porta Nigra served at first as a cell for the later canonized monk Simeon and was afterwards converted into a church. Redesigned in the baroque style in the 18th century, the Porta Nigra was finally secularized and mostly dismantled to the antique elements during the 19th century. Thus, it belongs to the rare antique large-scale buildings with a long usage and modification history, nonetheless, a major part of its antique substance was preserved. In a first phase an architectural survey in conformity with current scientific standards was executed and the building phases examined. It could be clarified that the ancient Porta Nigra has remained unfinished. Numerous sources and high quality archival materials were studied and important information especially for the medieval and baroque periods are worked out. Further, this has led to a new hypothesis of the medieval phases and provided important insights into the baroque refinement of the church of the Holy Simeon. On this basis, the roman, medieval and baroque building phases and art-historical classifications could be worked out in detail and comprehensively published.