Collaborative Research: IHBEM: Multidisciplinary Analysis of Vaccination Games for Equity (MAVEN)

疫苗接种游戏促进公平多学科分析（MAVEN）项目处理在防治新发传染病的斗争中疫苗不平等对全球健康的威胁。该项目旨在全面了解疫苗接种覆盖率，并确定疫苗接种的关键驱动因素。这将使有针对性的干预措施能够提高弱势群体，特别是种族/族裔/性少数群体和农村人口对疫苗的接受程度，从而减少未来发生大流行病的风险。这项研究还将有助于解决目前在美国不成比例地影响少数亚群和临床亚群（例如，感染艾滋病毒的男性）的疫苗不平等问题。最终，这项研究将对公共卫生政策和实践产生影响，有助于全球努力预测和减轻流行病的影响。除了科学贡献外，该项目还将为90多名本科生和研究生提供宝贵的培训机会，培养一批有能力充分应对当前和未来流行病的多样化人才。该项目将回答三个问题：Q1)与常见疾病（如流感）、新型流行病/流行病（如COVID-19）、mpox（猴痘）和未来疾病的疫苗接种相关的结构、社会和个人因素是什么？Q2)在社区背景下，人口异质性如何影响疫苗接种行为？Q3)个体行为如何反馈到猴痘疾病动态中？该项目将结合数学流行病学以及社会和行为科学的专业知识，以：(1)通过分析各种次要数据集，开发一个包含个人、社会和结构因素的疫苗摄取总体框架；(2)收集主要调查数据，并使用该框架开发广泛适用于mpox（猴痘）和未来疫情的通用疫苗摄取（以及疫苗拒绝）模型。(3)运用不确定条件下个体决策的传统和现代经济模型。在方法上，该项目将开发一种新的流行病学-行为常微分方程系统，使用多种数据来源（观察、调查和实验）和混合方法来估计人们的疫苗接种偏好。本项目还将把研究者的实证研究结果整合到新的epi模型中，并使用参数化的epi模型进行回顾性和前瞻性疫苗接受和犹豫/拒绝模型。该奖项由数学科学部、社会、行为和经济科学部的社会和经济科学部以及刺激竞争研究的既定计划（EPSCoR）共同资助。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The MAVEN (Multidisciplinary Analysis of Vaccination Games for Equity) project addresses the global health threat of vaccine inequity in the fight against emerging infectious diseases. This project aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of vaccination coverage and identify key drivers of vaccine uptake. This will reduce the risk of future pandemics by enabling targeted interventions to increase vaccine acceptance among vulnerable populations, in particular racial/ethnic/sexual minority and rural populations. The research will also help to address vaccine inequities in the United States that are currently disproportionately affecting minority subgroups and clinical subpopulations (e.g., men with HIV infection). Ultimately, this research will have implications for public health policy and practice, contributing to the global effort to predict and mitigate the impacts of pandemics. In addition to the scientific contributions, the project will provide valuable training opportunities for over ninety undergraduate and graduate students and cultivate a diverse pool of talent equipped to adequately respond to current and future pandemics.The project will answer three questions: Q1) What are the structural, social, and individual factors related to vaccine uptake for common diseases (e.g., influenza), newer pandemics/epidemics, e.g., COVID-19, mpox (monkeypox), and future diseases? Q2) How does population heterogeneity affect vaccination behavior in a community context? Q3) How does individual behavior feedback into mpox (monkeypox) disease dynamics? The project will combine expertise from mathematical epidemiology and social and behavioral sciences to (1) develop a general framework of vaccine uptake that incorporates individual, social, and structural factors by analyzing a variety of secondary datasets, (2) collect primary survey data and use the framework to develop universal vaccine uptake (as well as vaccine refusal) models that are broadly applicable to mpox (monkeypox) and future outbreaks, and (3) use traditional and modern economic models of individual decision-making under uncertainty. Methodologically, the project will develop a new epidemiological-behavioral system of ordinary differential equations, using multiple data sources (observational, survey, and experimental) and mixed methods to estimate people’s vaccination preferences. The project will also integrate the investigators' empirical findings into the new epi-model, and use the parameterized epi-model to conduct retrospective and prospective vaccine acceptance and hesitance/refusal models.This award is jointly funded by the Division of Mathematical Sciences, Division of Social and Economic Sciences in the Directorate of Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences, and Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.