Collaborative Research: AGS-FIRP Track 2--Process Investigation of Clouds and Convective Organization over the atLantic Ocean (PICCOLO)

合作研究：AGS-FIRP Track 2——大西洋上空云和对流组织的过程调查（PICCOLO）

• 批准号: 2331199
• 负责人: Allison Wing
• 金额: $ 97.4万
• 依托单位: Florida State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-01-15 至 2026-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2331199&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; AGS; FIRP; Track

The deep, rain-bearing convective clouds of the tropics are often found clumped into clusters with multiple cumulus towers topped by spreading anvils. These clusters come in a variety of shapes and sizes including squall lines and mesoscale convective systems like the ones found over the US Great Plains. Convective organization is clearly a concern for severe weather and it could also play important roles in Earth's energy balance, the distribution of moisture in the tropical atmosphere, and the ability of convection to drive the global atmospheric circulation. A key issue for understanding the role of convective organization in the climate system is the extent to which organization occurs spontaneously, driven by the clouds themselves, or is forced by large-scale environmental factors such as winds and sea surface temperature (SST) contrasts. Spontaneous organization has been found in idealized simulations, with substantial impacts on tropical climate and energetics, but the organization happens slowly in an otherwise quiescent and uniform environment. These simulations are compelling but their relevance to the real-world tropics, where conditions are never quiescent or uniform, has not been fully established. Work performed under this award seeks to understand the role of self-organization in the development of real-world convective cloud clusters observed over the tropical Atlantic Ocean. The effects of the clusters on the surrounding environment is also examined.Specifically, the award supports a field campaign called PICCOLO, which stands for Process Investigation of Clouds and Convective Organization Over the atLantic Ocean. The primary activity of PICCOLO is the deployment of SEA-POL, a stabilized C-band polarimetric weather radar, on the German research vessel Meteor. The campaign is part of a joint international effort called ORCESTRA, ORganized Convection ExperimentS in the TRopical Atlantic, in which the Meteor will sail from Cape Verde to Barbados over six weeks starting in August 2024. The ship will cross the Atlantic at 7 degrees north with interruptions for several north-south transects across the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a band of organized convection typically found north of the equator over the tropical oceans. The SEA-POL radar observations will be combined with data from a variety of other observing systems aboard the Meteor, including weather balloons, a W-band cloud radar, a microwave radiometer, and two lidars. The ORCESTRA effort also includes measurements from the German HALO and French SAFIRE research aircraft.The work is of societal as well as scientific interest given the role of convective organization in extreme precipitation and hurricane formation, as well as the fact that organized convection contributes nearly half of the total precipitation in the tropics. The role of convective organization in Earth's energy balance is also of interest given recent studies suggesting that the rising temperature of the Earth could affect the extent of convective organization, which could in turn affect the amount of warming produced by increasing greenhouse levels. Beyond this societal relevance the work has broader impacts through the support and training of seven graduate students and two postdoctoral fellows. The campaign also participates in the SEA-POL PLUS program, which facilitates participation by students from underrepresented groups, and conducts local outreach to communities in Barbados and Cape Verde in collaboration with partners in the international ORCESTRA effort.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

经常发现热带雨水的深雨对流云被发现成簇，并通过散布砧，上面有多个积云塔。 这些簇具有多种形状和尺寸，包括挤压线条和中尺度对流系统，例如美国大平原上的挤压线和对流系统。对流组织显然是对恶劣天气的关注点，它也可能在地球能量平衡，热带气氛中的水分分布以及对流驱动全球大气循环的能力中发挥重要作用。理解对流组织在气候系统中的作用的一个关键问题是组织自发发生的程度，由云本身驱动，或者受到风和海面温度（SST）对比的大规模环境因素的强迫。 在理想化的模拟中发现了自发组织，对热带气候和能量学产生了重大影响，但是该组织在原本静止和统一的环境中缓慢发生。 这些模拟令人信服，但它们与现实世界中永远不会静止或统一的现实世界的相关性尚未完全确定。 根据该奖项进行的工作旨在了解自组织在热带大西洋上观察到的真实对流云集群的发展中的作用。 还检查了集群对周围环境的影响。特别是，该奖项支持了一项名为Piccolo的现场活动，该活动代表了对大西洋上云和对流组织的过程调查。 短笛的主要活性是在德国研究容器流星上的Sea-Pol（一种稳定的C波段极化天气雷达）的部署。 The campaign is part of a joint international effort called ORCESTRA, ORganized Convection ExperimentS in the TRopical Atlantic, in which the Meteor will sail from Cape Verde to Barbados over six weeks starting in August 2024. The ship will cross the Atlantic at 7 degrees north with interruptions for several north-south transects across the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a band of organized convection typically found north of the equator over the热带海洋。 Sea-Pol雷达观测将与流星上的其他各种观测系统的数据相结合，包括气候气球，W频段云雷达，微波炉辐射计和两个激光雷达。 Orcestra的努力还包括来自德国光环和法国Safire研究飞机的测量。鉴于对流组织在极端降水和飓风形成中的作用，这项工作是社会和科学兴趣，以及有组织的对流在热带地区的总降水量几乎贡献了一半的事实。 鉴于最近的研究表明，对流组织在地球能量平衡中的作用也引起了人们的关注，这表明地球的温度上升可能会影响对流组织的程度，这反过来又可能会影响温室水平增加所产生的变暖量。 除了这种社会意义之外，这项工作还通过支持和培训七个研究生和两个博士后研究员产生了更大的影响。 The campaign also participates in the SEA-POL PLUS program, which facilitates participation by students from underrepresented groups, and conducts local outreach to communities in Barbados and Cape Verde in collaboration with partners in the international ORCESTRA effort.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.