EAGER: Cloud Infrastructures for Designing Sustainable Electronics

在过去的二十年里，信息和通信技术发生了巨大的变化，实现了现代互联网服务、云计算和边缘消费设备。虽然计算构成了我们与技术的日常互动的支柱，但它也带来了很高的环境足迹。据估计，计算机技术占全球碳足迹的4%，与航空业的影响不相上下。此外，考虑到对计算设备和日常使用的服务规模的日益增长的需求，预计这些排放量将会上升。尽管计算对环境的影响的规模和重要性越来越大，但缺乏相应的工具来量化足迹。这些工具是有效的可持续性意识优化的先决条件。该项目旨在利用云资源构建共享社区基础设施和工具，以量化计算平台在端到端生命周期(包括硬件制造和运营使用)中的碳足迹。这些工具将使计算机系统设计人员能够考虑系统的可持续性影响以及性能、效率、功率和能量等指标。这些工具旨在用于研究、可持续发展意识的早期硬件设计，以及作为课堂上的教学资源。该项目将把开发的工具纳入大学课程，以及在学术会议上提供面对面和在线教程和讲习班。开发的工具将是开源的，包括源代码和数据集，以便于进一步研究和开发一个可持续的计算生态系统。该项目旨在发展共享的社区基础设施，以量化计算系统对端到端的环境影响。该项目的重点是开发方法，以考虑功率和能源、硬件利用率以及制造集成电路所产生的碳足迹等因素。该项目有三项主要任务。首先，通过集成详细的设备特性、架构模拟器和真实系统的产品环境报告，为现代和新兴系统开发碳模型。这些模型将被参数化，以方便研究人员在未来轻松添加新兴技术和建筑模拟器的新设备表征。第二，为可再生能源驱动系统建造模拟器。该任务汇总电网的碳强度数据集，并对建筑模拟器的输出轨迹进行标准化，以使研究人员能够考虑基于硬件设计的广泛部署场景，以及可再生能源可用性的时间和空间变异性。最后，第三项任务制定方法，将硬件系统的运行和体现碳归因于单个软件应用程序，以打开可持续应用程序设计的机会。为了证明基础设施的有效性，该项目包括开源所有软件构件以及特定于任务的案例研究，并在学术会议上组织教程和研讨会。该项目由国家气候发现云(NDC-C)支持。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Information and communication technologies have evolved tremendously over the past two decades to realize modern day internet services, cloud-scale computing, and consumer devices at the edge. While computing forms the backbone of our daily interactions with technology, it also levies a high environmental footprint. Estimates show computing accounts for 4% of the global carbon footprint, on par with the aviation industry’s impact. Furthermore, these emissions are expected to rise given the growing demand for computing devices and scale of services used on a daily basis. Despite the growing scale and importance of computing’s environmental impact, there is a lack of commensurate tools to quantify the footprint. Such tools are prerequisite to effective sustainability-aware optimization. This project aims to leverage cloud resources to build shared community infrastructure and tools to quantify the carbon footprint of computing platforms across their end-to-end lifetimes including hardware manufacturing and operational use. The tools will enable computer systems designers to consider the sustainability implications of systems alongside metrics such as performance, efficiency, power, and energy. The tools are meant to be used in research, sustainability-aware early hardware design, and as pedagogical resources in the classroom. The project will incorporate the tools developed into college courses, as well as in-person and online tutorials and workshops at academic conferences. The tools developed will be open-source, including source code and datasets, to enable further research and development towards a sustainable computing ecosystem.The project aims to develop shared community infrastructure to quantify the end-to-end environmental impact of computing systems. The project focuses on developing methods to consider factors like power and energy, hardware utilization, and the carbon footprint from manufacturing integrated circuits. The project has three major tasks. First, developing carbon models for modern and emerging systems by integrating detailed device characterization, architectural simulators, and product environmental reports of real systems. The models will be parameterized to facilitate researchers to easily add new device characterization of emerging technologies and architectural simulators in the future. Second, building simulators for renewable energy driven systems. The task aggregates carbon intensity datasets of power grids and standardizes output traces from the architectural simulators to enable researchers to consider a breadth of deployment scenarios based on hardware design, and temporal and spatial variability of renewable energy availability. Finally, the third task develops methods to attribute operational and embodied carbon of hardware systems to individual software applications to open opportunities for sustainable application design. To demonstrate the efficacy of the infrastructure, the project includes open-sourcing all software artifacts as well as task-specific case studies, and organizing tutorial and workshops at academic conferences. This project is supported by the National Discovery Cloud for Climate (NDC-C).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.