EAGER: Cloud Infrastructures for Designing Sustainable Electronics

在过去的二十年里，信息和通信技术已经发生了巨大的发展，以实现现代互联网服务、云规模计算和边缘消费设备。虽然计算构成了我们日常与技术互动的支柱，但它也造成了很高的环境足迹。据估计，计算机占全球碳足迹的4%，与航空业的影响相当。此外，考虑到对计算设备的需求不断增长以及日常使用的服务规模，预计这些排放量还会增加。尽管计算机对环境的影响越来越大，越来越重要，但缺乏相应的工具来量化其足迹。这些工具是有效的可持续意识优化的先决条件。该项目旨在利用云资源来构建共享社区基础设施和工具，以量化计算平台在端到端生命周期（包括硬件制造和运营使用）中的碳足迹。这些工具将使计算机系统设计师能够考虑系统的可持续性影响，以及性能、效率、功率和能源等指标。这些工具旨在用于研究，可持续性意识的早期硬件设计，以及作为课堂教学资源。该项目将把开发的工具纳入大学课程，以及面对面和在线教程和学术会议研讨会。开发的工具将是开源的，包括源代码和数据集，以实现对可持续计算生态系统的进一步研究和开发。该项目旨在开发共享的社区基础设施，以量化计算系统对环境的端到端影响。该项目侧重于开发方法，以考虑诸如电力和能源、硬件利用率以及制造集成电路的碳足迹等因素。该项目有三个主要任务。首先，通过整合详细的设备特性、架构模拟器和真实系统的产品环境报告，为现代和新兴系统开发碳模型。这些模型将被参数化，以方便研究人员在未来轻松添加新兴技术和架构模拟器的新设备表征。第二，可再生能源驱动系统的建筑模拟器。该任务汇总了电网的碳强度数据集，并标准化了建筑模拟器的输出轨迹，使研究人员能够考虑基于硬件设计的广泛部署方案，以及可再生能源可用性的时空变异性。最后，第三项任务开发了将硬件系统的操作碳和隐含碳归因于单个软件应用程序的方法，以打开可持续应用程序设计的机会。为了证明基础结构的有效性，该项目包括开放所有软件工件的源代码，以及特定于任务的案例研究，并在学术会议上组织教程和研讨会。该项目由国家气候发现云（NDC-C）支持。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Information and communication technologies have evolved tremendously over the past two decades to realize modern day internet services, cloud-scale computing, and consumer devices at the edge. While computing forms the backbone of our daily interactions with technology, it also levies a high environmental footprint. Estimates show computing accounts for 4% of the global carbon footprint, on par with the aviation industry’s impact. Furthermore, these emissions are expected to rise given the growing demand for computing devices and scale of services used on a daily basis. Despite the growing scale and importance of computing’s environmental impact, there is a lack of commensurate tools to quantify the footprint. Such tools are prerequisite to effective sustainability-aware optimization. This project aims to leverage cloud resources to build shared community infrastructure and tools to quantify the carbon footprint of computing platforms across their end-to-end lifetimes including hardware manufacturing and operational use. The tools will enable computer systems designers to consider the sustainability implications of systems alongside metrics such as performance, efficiency, power, and energy. The tools are meant to be used in research, sustainability-aware early hardware design, and as pedagogical resources in the classroom. The project will incorporate the tools developed into college courses, as well as in-person and online tutorials and workshops at academic conferences. The tools developed will be open-source, including source code and datasets, to enable further research and development towards a sustainable computing ecosystem.The project aims to develop shared community infrastructure to quantify the end-to-end environmental impact of computing systems. The project focuses on developing methods to consider factors like power and energy, hardware utilization, and the carbon footprint from manufacturing integrated circuits. The project has three major tasks. First, developing carbon models for modern and emerging systems by integrating detailed device characterization, architectural simulators, and product environmental reports of real systems. The models will be parameterized to facilitate researchers to easily add new device characterization of emerging technologies and architectural simulators in the future. Second, building simulators for renewable energy driven systems. The task aggregates carbon intensity datasets of power grids and standardizes output traces from the architectural simulators to enable researchers to consider a breadth of deployment scenarios based on hardware design, and temporal and spatial variability of renewable energy availability. Finally, the third task develops methods to attribute operational and embodied carbon of hardware systems to individual software applications to open opportunities for sustainable application design. To demonstrate the efficacy of the infrastructure, the project includes open-sourcing all software artifacts as well as task-specific case studies, and organizing tutorial and workshops at academic conferences. This project is supported by the National Discovery Cloud for Climate (NDC-C).This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.