DDRIG: Cementing Spaces: The Material That Made Room for New Cultures in the Twentieth-Century

“DDRIG：胶结空间：在二十世纪美国为新文化创造空间的材料“，蒂莫西·J·勒凯恩，PI;柯克·D。埃尔萨斯，co-PICement-结合在一起，固化混凝土的物质-是必不可少的建设现代交通，能源和住宅结构。全球水泥生产约占人类造成的二氧化碳排放量的8%。出于这个原因，世界各地的化学家和工程师都在寻找替代材料和新的建筑技术，以减少水泥的使用。“水泥空间”，水泥和社会的历史研究，补充和通知那些材料科学家谁是重新思考混凝土的工作。该研究将水泥视为过去的环境因素和文化因素。它介绍了传统水泥以微妙和深刻的方式影响文化发展的证据。简而言之，水泥创造了人们创造新文化的新空间。研究过去用水泥创造的文化为行业研究人员和政府官员提供了一个框架，以考虑和预测他们探索和实施水泥替代品对社会的许多后果。“固井空间”侧重于水泥的相对不渗透性。水泥在19世纪运河时代为控制水资源而培育的环境屏障的潜力，在20世纪各种无处不在的结构中被证明是一种吸引人和有影响力的品质。家庭地下室，公共人行道和监狱牢房的案例研究将采用归档文件，深入探讨巩固的环境塑造家庭，流动性和监禁的新文化的方式。该项目假设，水泥，通过将人们与水，泥土或彼此隔离，在将地窖变成现代地下室方面发挥了作用，邀请新的市政法规和城市生活的新鞋类风格，并支持监狱当局使用单独监禁作为惩罚措施。“Cementing Spaces”的发现将有助于揭示非人类事物如何参与社会发展的学术研究，在这里，一个新的重点是材料技术，尽管它无处不在，但并不被普遍理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并被认为值得通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估来支持。

“DDRIG: Cementing Spaces: The Material That Made Room for New Cultures in the Twentieth-Century United States”Timothy J. LeCain, PI; Kirke D. Elsass, co-PICement—the substance that binds together and solidifies concrete—is indispensable to building modern transportation, energy, and residential structures. Global production of cement contributes around eight percent of human-caused carbon dioxide emissions. Primarily for this reason, chemists and engineers around the world seek replacement materials and new building techniques that might reduce cement use. “Cementing Spaces,” a historical study of cement and society, complements and informs the work of those material scientists who are rethinking concrete. The study accounts for cement as both an environmental element and a cultural element in the past. It introduces evidence that conventional cement affected the development of cultures in both subtle and profound ways. In short, cement created new spaces with which people created new cultures. Studying the cultures created with cement in the past provides a framework for industry researchers and public officials to consider and anticipate the many consequences to society that will ensue from their exploration and implementation of alternatives to cement.“Cementing Spaces” focuses on the relative impermeability of cement. Cement’s potential to create environmental barriers, cultivated for control of water during the nineteenth-century canal era, proved to be an appealing and influential quality in a variety of ubiquitous twentieth-century structures. Case studies of home basements, public sidewalks, and prison cells will employ archived documents to deeply explore the ways cemented environments shaped new cultures of family, mobility, and incarceration. The project hypothesizes that cement, by separating people from water, dirt, or one another, had a role in turning cellars into modern basements, inviting new municipal codes and new footwear styles of urban life, and supporting carceral authorities’ use of solitary confinement as a punitive measure. The findings of “Cementing Spaces” will contribute to scholarship that reveals how nonhuman things participate in the development of societies, here with a novel focus on a material technology that despite its ubiquity is not popularly understood.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.