DDRIG: Cementing Spaces: The Material That Made Room for New Cultures in the Twentieth-Century

《DDRIG：水泥空间：为二十世纪美国的新文化腾出空间的材料》，Timothy J.LeCain，Pi；Kirke D.Elsass，co-PICement--一种将混凝土粘合在一起并使其固化的物质--对于建造现代交通、能源和住宅结构是不可或缺的。全球水泥生产贡献了大约8%的人类造成的二氧化碳排放。主要出于这个原因，世界各地的化学家和工程师都在寻找替代材料和新的建筑技术，以减少水泥的使用。《水泥空间》是对水泥和社会的历史研究，它补充和启发了那些正在重新思考混凝土的材料科学家的工作。这项研究解释了水泥在过去既是一种环境因素，也是一种文化因素。它介绍了传统水泥以微妙和深刻的方式影响文化发展的证据。简而言之，水泥创造了新的空间，人们用它来创造新的文化。研究过去用水泥创造的文化，为行业研究人员和政府官员提供了一个框架，让他们考虑和预测他们探索和实施水泥替代品将给社会带来的许多后果。“水泥空间”关注的是水泥的相对防渗性。水泥创造环境屏障的潜力，在19世纪运河时代为控制水而种植，事实证明，在20世纪各种无处不在的建筑中，水泥是一种具有吸引力和影响力的品质。家庭地下室、公共人行道和监狱牢房的案例研究将使用归档文件来深入探索巩固的环境如何塑造家庭、流动和监禁的新文化。该项目假设，水泥通过将人们与水、泥土或彼此隔开，在将地下室变成现代地下室方面发挥了作用，为城市生活引入了新的市政法规和新的鞋类风格，并支持监狱当局将单独监禁作为一种惩罚措施。“粘合空间”的发现将有助于揭示非人类事物如何参与社会发展的学术，这里的新重点是一种材料技术，尽管它无处不在，但并未得到普遍理解。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

“DDRIG: Cementing Spaces: The Material That Made Room for New Cultures in the Twentieth-Century United States”Timothy J. LeCain, PI; Kirke D. Elsass, co-PICement—the substance that binds together and solidifies concrete—is indispensable to building modern transportation, energy, and residential structures. Global production of cement contributes around eight percent of human-caused carbon dioxide emissions. Primarily for this reason, chemists and engineers around the world seek replacement materials and new building techniques that might reduce cement use. “Cementing Spaces,” a historical study of cement and society, complements and informs the work of those material scientists who are rethinking concrete. The study accounts for cement as both an environmental element and a cultural element in the past. It introduces evidence that conventional cement affected the development of cultures in both subtle and profound ways. In short, cement created new spaces with which people created new cultures. Studying the cultures created with cement in the past provides a framework for industry researchers and public officials to consider and anticipate the many consequences to society that will ensue from their exploration and implementation of alternatives to cement.“Cementing Spaces” focuses on the relative impermeability of cement. Cement’s potential to create environmental barriers, cultivated for control of water during the nineteenth-century canal era, proved to be an appealing and influential quality in a variety of ubiquitous twentieth-century structures. Case studies of home basements, public sidewalks, and prison cells will employ archived documents to deeply explore the ways cemented environments shaped new cultures of family, mobility, and incarceration. The project hypothesizes that cement, by separating people from water, dirt, or one another, had a role in turning cellars into modern basements, inviting new municipal codes and new footwear styles of urban life, and supporting carceral authorities’ use of solitary confinement as a punitive measure. The findings of “Cementing Spaces” will contribute to scholarship that reveals how nonhuman things participate in the development of societies, here with a novel focus on a material technology that despite its ubiquity is not popularly understood.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.