Collaborative Research: Gender, Politics, and Environmental Concern

该项目调查了各国个人对气候政策态度的性别差异。这项研究帮助我们了解社会如何管理环境风险。气候变化已被证明会增加世界上每个地区的人际和群体间冲突，这意味着减缓气候变化是一个国家安全问题。了解如何在高碳排放经济体中获得最持怀疑态度的人的支持，是制定有效政策的关键。本项目确定了世界各地公众对气候减缓政策的支持和抵制的物质和心理来源。它将开发三个新的公共数据集和相关的定性材料，鼓励复制和扩展，并为教育和研究基础设施做出贡献。在富裕国家，女性往往比男性更关心气候变化。然而，在较贫穷的国家，气候态度上的性别差异并不存在。本项目发展了一种新的理论来解释政治精英如何塑造公民对气候行动成本和收益的看法，其方式因国家而异（因经济发展），也因国家内部的性别而异。我们通过收集和分析四个数据集来检验这一理论：(1)60个国家的主要政党气候政策数据集；(2) 60个国家关于气候行动赢家和输家的媒体引用数据集；(3)在七个国家进行定性案例研究，以调查气候政策框架的发展；(4)在五个国家进行调查实验，以衡量降低气候行动感知成本的政策如何以不同的方式影响男性和女性的政策支持。该项目由问责制度和行为（AIB）以及安全与准备（SAP）项目共同资助。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project investigates gender differences in how individuals form attitudes about climate policy across countries. The research helps us understand how societies manage environmental risks. Climatic shifts have been shown to increase both interpersonal and inter-group conflict in every world region, meaning that mitigating climate change is a matter of national security. Understanding how to gain support among those most skeptical in high carbon-emitting economies is key to forming effective policy. This project identifies the material and psychological sources of public support for and resistance to climate mitigation policies around the world. It will develop three new public datasets and associated qualitative materials, encouraging replication and extensions, and contributes to education and research infrastructure. In wealthy nations, women tend to express more concern about climate change than men. Yet the gender gap in climate attitudes does not exist in poorer countries. This project develops a new theory to explain how political elites shape citizens' perceptions of the costs and benefits of climate action in ways that vary across countries (by economic development) and by gender within countries. We test this theory by collecting and analyzing four data sets: (1) a 60-country dataset on major parties' climate policies; (2) a 60-country dataset on media references to the winners and losers of climate action; (3) qualitative case studies in seven countries to investigate the development of climate policy frames; and (4) a survey experiment in five countries to gauge how policies that lessen the perceived costs of climate action differently affect policy support among men and women. This project is co-funded by the Accountable Institutions and Behavior (AIB) and the Security and Preparedness (SAP) programs.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.