The influence of dietary changes on the microbial composition of the oral biofilm

口腔生物膜由许多不同的微生物组成，已被证明是生物膜介导的疾病（如龋齿、牙龈炎和牙周病）的关键病因。根据生态斑块假说，口腔生物膜的组成和活性是不同环境因素的结果，其中饮食似乎起着重要作用。同时，众所周知，口腔生物膜的致龋活性归因于口腔生物膜组成的相关广泛变化，而不仅仅是特定细菌物种的活性，如变形链球菌。迄今为止，缺乏对微生物转移以及口腔生物膜可持续性的全面原位研究。本报告旨在探讨不同饮食变化周期（包括高碳水化合物加糖饮食）对口腔生物膜微生物组成的影响。将在多名受试者携带的夹板系统上形成牛牙釉质样品的口腔生物膜，并通过培养独立克隆技术、焦磷酸测序（下一代测序）和常规培养技术进行分析。进一步的分析包括口腔菌群的致酸活性和牛牙釉质样品的脱矿/再矿化率。微生物生物膜组成随饮食变化的变化将由该小组的一名统计学家计算。目的是找到一个全面的答案，这个问题应用不同的微生物方法上面提到。

Oral biofilm consists of numerous different microorganisms and has been demonstrated to be a crucial etiological factor in biofilm-mediated diseases such as caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease. According to the ecological plaque hypothesis the composition and the activity of the oral biofilm is the result of different environmental factors, among which diet seems to play an important role. Meanwhile, it is well-known that the cariogenic activity of the oral biofilm is attributed to the related extensive shift in the composition of the oral biofilm and not only to the activity of specific bacterial species, such as Streptococcus mutans. To date, there is a lack of comprehensive in situ studies on the microbial shift as well as the sustainability of the oral biofilm. The aim of this report is to investigate the influence of different dietary change cycles (including high-carbohydrate diet with saccharose) on the microbial composition of the oral biofilm. Oral biofilm on bovine enamel samples will be formed on splint systems carried by several subjects and analyzed with the culture-independent cloning technique, pyrosequencing (next generation sequencing) and additionally by means of conventional culture technique. Further analyses include acidogenic activity of the oral microflora and demineralization/remineralization rates of the bovine enamel samples. Changes of the microbial biofilm composition depending on dietary changes will be calculated by a statistician who is part of the group. The aim is to find a comprehensive answer to this question applying the different microbiological approaches mentioned above.