The influence of dietary changes on the microbial composition of the oral biofilm

口腔生物膜由许多不同的微生物组成，已被证明是生物膜介导的疾病如龋病、牙周炎和牙周病的重要病原学因素。根据生态菌斑假说，口腔生物膜的组成和活性是不同环境因素的结果，其中饮食似乎起着重要的作用。同时，众所周知，口腔生物膜的致龋性是由于口腔生物膜组成的相关广泛变化，而不仅仅是特定细菌种类的活性，如变形链球菌。到目前为止，还缺乏关于微生物迁移以及口腔生物膜可持续性的全面的现场研究。本报告的目的是调查不同的饮食变化周期(包括含蔗糖的高碳水化合物饮食)对口腔生物膜微生物组成的影响。牛牙釉质样本上的口腔生物膜将在多个受试者携带的夹板系统上形成，并通过非培养克隆技术、焦磷酸测序(下一代测序)以及常规培养技术进行分析。进一步的分析包括口腔微生物群的产酸活性和牛牙釉质样本的脱矿/再矿化率。微生物生物膜组成的变化取决于饮食的变化，将由该小组的一名统计学家计算。其目的是应用上述不同的微生物学方法找到对这一问题的全面答案。

Oral biofilm consists of numerous different microorganisms and has been demonstrated to be a crucial etiological factor in biofilm-mediated diseases such as caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease. According to the ecological plaque hypothesis the composition and the activity of the oral biofilm is the result of different environmental factors, among which diet seems to play an important role. Meanwhile, it is well-known that the cariogenic activity of the oral biofilm is attributed to the related extensive shift in the composition of the oral biofilm and not only to the activity of specific bacterial species, such as Streptococcus mutans. To date, there is a lack of comprehensive in situ studies on the microbial shift as well as the sustainability of the oral biofilm. The aim of this report is to investigate the influence of different dietary change cycles (including high-carbohydrate diet with saccharose) on the microbial composition of the oral biofilm. Oral biofilm on bovine enamel samples will be formed on splint systems carried by several subjects and analyzed with the culture-independent cloning technique, pyrosequencing (next generation sequencing) and additionally by means of conventional culture technique. Further analyses include acidogenic activity of the oral microflora and demineralization/remineralization rates of the bovine enamel samples. Changes of the microbial biofilm composition depending on dietary changes will be calculated by a statistician who is part of the group. The aim is to find a comprehensive answer to this question applying the different microbiological approaches mentioned above.