Shared Common Grounds of Qualitative and Quantitative Rational Reasoning

定性和定量理性推理的共同点

• 批准号: 263267609
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Gabriele Kern-Isberner
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Informatik I - Lehrstuhl Logik in der Informatik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/263267609?language=en
• 关键词: Shared; Common; Grounds; Qualitative; Quantitative

Rational human reasoning makes use of both quantitative and qualitative arguments, and human beings seem to combine easily both aspects. However, although some approaches have been put forward that rely both on qualitative and quantitative structures (with Bayesian networks being probably the most prominent one), scientifically, there is still a notable gap between the communities pursuing qualitative approaches and those that make use of quantitative frameworks to capture rational reasoning.This project aims at building bridges between qualitative and quantitative paradigms on a very profound level by claiming that both (can) share common grounds. This is based on the observation that rules of any kind form basic building blocks for reasoning which become effective via inference paradigms such as modus ponens or syllogism, or via the specific techniques applied in Bayesian networks. From this starting point, building on a three-valued understanding of conditionals, we establish common grounds for rational reasoning in qualitative and quantitative frameworks by focusing on a conditional-logical approach that is capable of making basic use of propositional logic without limiting semantics to the classical binary view. This allows us to consider conditional reasoning following the same general principles in various semantical frameworks. In this context, we address research questionsconcerning inductive reasoning from knowledge bases, consistency and coherence, plausibility vs. probability, and human causal reasoning that have been raised in philosophy, psychology, and computer science, and establish links to approaches which have been put forward in these disciplines. The formal investigation of so-called c-representations based on Spohn's ordinal conditional functions and probabilistic reasoning on the principle of maximum entropy, as well as the empirical evaluation of their appropriateness and of the formal properties that are associated with them for rational reasoning constitute the core of this interdisciplinary project that joins researchers from psychology and computer science and collaborates intensely with researchers from philosophy. It is for the first time that these high-quality approaches to reasoning which differ in semantics but share common logical grounds are explored in such formal depth and empirical breadth. We expect significant insights both for the understanding of human rationality and the development of formal resp. normative systems for rational reasoning.The project is based upon results from the projects "Rational reasoning with conditionals and probabilities" and "Non-monotonic Reasoning" of the first funding period.

理性的人类推理同时使用定量和定性的论证，人类似乎很容易将这两个方面联合收割机结合起来。然而，尽管已经提出了一些既依赖于定性结构又依赖于定量结构的方法，（贝叶斯网络可能是最突出的一个），科学上，在追求定性方法的社区和那些利用定量框架来捕捉理性推理的社区之间仍然存在着明显的差距。2本项目旨在在非常深刻的层面上建立定性和定量范式之间的桥梁他们声称双方有共同的理由。这是基于这样的观察，即任何类型的规则形成推理的基本构建块，这些推理通过推理范式（如肯定前件或三段论）或通过贝叶斯网络中应用的特定技术变得有效。从这个出发点，建立在一个三值的理解条件，我们建立了理性推理的共同点，在定性和定量的框架，通过专注于条件逻辑的方法，能够使基本使用命题逻辑，而不限于语义的经典二进制视图。这使我们能够考虑在各种语义框架中遵循相同的一般原则的条件推理。在这种情况下，我们解决的研究questionsconcerning归纳推理的知识基础，一致性和连贯性，可扩展性与概率，以及人类的因果推理，已经提出了在哲学，心理学和计算机科学，并建立链接的方法已经提出了在这些学科。基于Spohn的顺序条件函数和最大熵原理的概率推理的所谓c-表示的正式调查，以及对它们的适当性和与它们相关的理性推理的形式属性的经验评估，构成了这个跨学科项目的核心，该项目将心理学和计算机科学的研究人员结合起来，并与哲学 这是第一次，这些高质量的方法来推理，不同的语义，但共享共同的逻辑基础，探索在这种正式的深度和经验的广度。我们期待着对人类理性的理解和形式反应的发展都有重要的见解。该项目是根据第一个供资期的“有条件和概率的理性推理”和“非单调推理”项目的结果制定的。