The formation of feudo-vassallitic institutions in the 12th and 13th century?Words, concepts, phenomena in learned law, in royal charters and in private acts

12世纪和13世纪封建封臣制度的形成？学术法律、皇家宪章和私人行为中的词语、概念和现象

• 批准号: 264932155
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jürgen Dendorfer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Mittelalterliche Geschichte I und Abteilung Landesgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2013-12-31 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/264932155?language=en
• 关键词: formation; feudo; vassallitic; institutions; 12th

Widespread preconceptions of elder constitutional history still claim that feudalism shaped the social interaction of free men during the Middle Ages. In addition, the belief that medieval society was structured via a hierarchy which could be envisioned as a feudal pyramid of feudo-vassalitic relationships between kings, bishops, princes, and lesser free men still remains active as well. However, more recent research has begun to question the significance of feudalism for the constitutional history of the Early and High Middle Ages. It is justified to claim that there is no consensus at the moment as to when a system of feudal tenure came into existence or whether such a phenomenon existed at all. Nevertheless, current research does identify phenomena akin to feudalism in the medieval Roman Empire during the period of 1150-1250. The proposed project aims at analyzing this formation of feudalism in the High Middle Ages as it has been suggested during the recent debate. Until today, there is a lack of fundamental research that allows the exploration of this formation of feudal systems: the project, therefore, focuses on a comprehensive study of written manifestations of feudal words and concepts from the time between1150 and 1250. The study will include an analysis of jurisprudential texts written in northern Italy (Consuetudines feudorum) which have been ignored by the research of feudal history until today; in addition, it will also take charters dealing with feudo-vassalitic relations into account. Within the scope of the present research project, three interlocking sub-projects will aim to clarify: 1. if the written records support the theory of a formation of feudalism in the period in question; 2. what influence the emerging jurisprudence of northern Italy and feudal treatises had in re-structuring the perception of social bonds; 3. Whether, and if so, to what extent existing practices of granting land were influenced by this development. In order to reach all of these objectives it must be clarified how the emerging scholastic jurisprudence defined feudal law and what constituted this scholastic feudal law in the first place. In order to show the influence of the Consuetudines feudorum on the development in the Empire, the text of the Consuetudines also needs to be edited (sub-project A). In addition, the imperial charters of the 12th and 13th century will be analyzed employing methods of corpus linguistics; this will be approached in close collaboration with the Monumenta Germaniae Historica (Munich) and the project Computational Historical Semantics (Frankfurt) in order to be able to present and demonstrate the development of feudal words and concepts (sub-project B). These projects will be complemented by an analysis of private charters from the prince-bishopric of Bamberg which will demonstrate the practical implementation of the aforementioned feudal concepts (sub-project C).

对古代宪政史的普遍先入之见仍然声称，封建主义塑造了中世纪自由人的社会互动。此外，认为中世纪社会是通过等级制度构建的，可以将其想象为国王、主教、王子和较低自由人之间封建封建关系的封建金字塔，这一信念仍然很活跃。然而，最近的研究开始质疑封建主义对于中世纪早期和中期宪政史的重要性。可以说，对于封建土地制度何时产生、是否存在这种现象，目前尚无共识。尽管如此，目前的研究确实发现了类似于中世纪罗马帝国 1150-1250 年间封建主义的现象。正如最近的辩论中所建议的那样，拟议的项目旨在分析中世纪盛期封建主义的形成。直到今天，还缺乏能够探索这种封建制度形成的基础研究：因此，该项目的重点是对1150年至1250年间封建文字和概念的书面表现进行全面研究。该研究将包括对意大利北部（Consuetudines feudorum）书写的法学文本的分析，这些文本迄今为止一直被封建历史研究所忽视；此外，它还将考虑处理封建封臣关系的宪章。在本研究项目的范围内，三个相互关联的子项目旨在澄清： 1. 书面记录是否支持有关时期封建主义形成的理论； 2. 意大利北部新兴的法学和封建论文对重建社会纽带的看法有何影响； 3. 现有的土地出让做法是否受到这一发展的影响，如果是，在多大程度上受到影响。为了实现所有这些目标，必须首先澄清新兴的经院法理学如何定义封建法以及这种经院封建法最初的构成要素。为了展现封建礼制对帝国发展的影响，礼制文本也需要编辑（子项目A）。此外，还将运用语料库语言学的方法对12世纪和13世纪的帝国宪章进行分析；这将与日耳曼历史纪念碑（慕尼黑）和计算历史语义项目（法兰克福）密切合作，以便能够呈现和展示封建词语和概念的发展（子项目 B）。这些项目将得到对班贝格王子主教辖区私人宪章的分析的补充，这将展示上述封建概念的实际实施（子项目 C）。