Geoarchaeological investigations of harbours of the 12th and 13th cent. along the Hever Estuary (North Frisia) starting at the trading settlement of Rungholt - RUNGHOLT -

对 12 世纪和 13 世纪港口的地质考古调查。

• 批准号: 275401547
• 负责人: Dr. Hanna Hadler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Geographisches Institut
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2014-12-31 至 2019-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/275401547?language=en
• 关键词: Geoarchaeological; investigations; harbours; 12th; 13th

The coasts of North Frisia which, during High and Late Middle Ages, were subject to both land reclamation measures and several catastrophic storm surges, represent a highly dynamic natural and cultural landscape (UNESCO World Natural Heritage since 2009). Especially for the 12th and 13th cent., when the coastline lay further west than today, only little knowledge exists on coastal palaeogeographies on the one hand and on the localization and structure of harbours on the other. Although there is some historic, cartographic and archaeological evidence regarding harbour sites, detailed geoarchaeological data on their position and how they were embedded in the palaeoenvironment are still missing until this day. This is mostly because large parts of the former marshland got lost within the course of storm surges, especially during the 1st Grote Mandränke in 1362, and because working in tidal flat areas is complicated. The main objectives of the RUNGHOLT project thus are to localize, reconstruct and evaluate harbour sites of the 12th and 13th cent. in the wadden zone along the Hever Estuary near Husum which has to be regarded as transport and development axis. We plan to carry out studies in three areas. The high-medieval marshland around Rungholt (Hallig Südfall) and the Trendermarsch (Nordstrand), located in todays wadden sea due to storm-related ingressions, as well as the marshland around the Mildeburg (Rantrum), which has not undergone substantial changes since the High Middle Ages, allow reconstructing palaeoenvironmental changes, for instance caused by sea level fluctuations and flood events. Together with complex man-environment interactions, the effects of these changes on the spatio-temporal structure of settlements and harbours can be exemplarily documented along a west-east transect within the context of land reclamation measures and considering tidal differences. Within the RUNGHOLT project, this is the first time that systematic geoarchaeological studies by means of vibracoring, borehole geophysics and geophysical surveys are planned to be realized in tidal flats. The methodological focus lies on multi proxy analyses of sediments for example by magnetic susceptibility measurements, geochemical analyses of (earth) alkaline and heavy metals, the determination of isotope concentrations and microfossil analyses. Dendrochronologic studies, radiocarbon dating and relative age estimation using amino acid racemization will yield geochronostratigraphic information. The RUNGHOLT project is based on an interdisciplinary co-operation between the universities of Mainz and Kiel integrating the Geophysical Central Project of PP 1630. Principal investigators (PIs) have longtime experience in historic-geographical and geoarchaeological research on coasts and harbours. The RUNGHOLT project was harmonized with the North Sea project of PIs Jöns and Segschneider on trading terps and Geest fringe fortifications to achieve maximum synergies.

北弗里西亚海岸在中世纪盛期和晚期受到土地开垦措施和几次灾难性风暴潮的影响，代表了高度动态的自然和文化景观（自2009年以来被联合国教科文组织列为世界自然遗产）。尤其是12世纪和13世纪，当海岸线位于比今天更靠西的地方时，一方面对海岸古地理学的了解很少，另一方面对港口的定位和结构的了解也很少。虽然有一些关于港口遗址的历史，制图和考古证据，但关于其位置以及它们如何嵌入古环境的详细地质考古数据直到今天仍然缺失。这主要是因为大部分前沼泽地在风暴潮中消失，特别是在1362年的第一次大Mandränke期间，而且因为在潮滩地区工作很复杂。因此，RUNGHOLT项目的主要目标是定位、重建和评估12世纪和13世纪的港口场地，这些场地位于胡苏姆附近沿着赫弗河口的瓦登区，该河口必须被视为运输和发展轴线。我们计划在三个方面进行研究。在Rungholt（Hallig Südhall）和Trendermarsch（Nordstrand）周围的中世纪盛期沼泽地，由于与风暴有关的侵入而位于今天的瓦登海，以及Mildeburg（Rantrum）周围的沼泽地，自中世纪盛期以来没有发生实质性变化，可以重建古环境变化，例如由海平面波动和洪水事件引起的变化。连同复杂的人与环境的相互作用，这些变化对住区和港口的时空结构的影响，可以作为范例记录沿着一个东西向的样带的背景下，土地复垦措施，并考虑潮汐差异。在RUNGHOLT项目中，这是第一次计划通过振动钻孔、钻孔地球物理学和地球物理调查在潮滩实现系统的地质考古学研究。方法上的重点是对沉积物进行多种代用分析，例如通过磁化率测量、（土）碱金属和重金属的地球化学分析、同位素浓度测定和微体化石分析。树木年代学研究、放射性碳测年和利用氨基酸外消旋作用的相对年龄估算将产生地质年代地层学信息。RUNGHOLT项目基于美因茨大学和基尔大学之间的跨学科合作，整合了PP 1630的地球物理中心项目。主要调查员（PI）在海岸和港口的历史地理和地质考古研究方面拥有长期经验。RUNGHOLT项目与PIS Jöns和Segschneider的北海项目在贸易码头和Geest边缘防御工事上协调一致，以实现最大的协同效应。