Quantum dynamics in dissipative ultracold atomic gases

量子关联在现代物理和技术中扮演着重要的角色。依赖于相关性的现象，如高T_c超导或量子磁性，赋予材料不同寻常的性质，并构成传感器或医疗仪器等商业设备的关键部件。目前特别令人感兴趣的是这些相互关联的多体系统的动力学。例如，实现量子计算机的努力依赖于关联量子态的动态准备和操作。此外，最近室温下超导性质的动态产生，要求理解和控制远离平衡的动态驱动态。关联现象，特别是其动力学的理论描述通常是非常复杂的，许多基本问题仍然悬而未决。直到最近，第一批有效的理论工具才被开发出来，以便能够处理孤立的多体系统中的量子动力学。与超冷量子气体的实验结果相比，这些都经过了仔细的测试，并为以一种良好控制的方式探索动力学效应打开了前景。我们的目的是促进对量子多体系统中动力学现象的基本原理的理解。我们将超越孤立的系统，将额外的耦合添加到环境中。我们将解决基本问题，如相互作用和耗散的相互作用及其对系统动力学的影响，这些问题还远未被理解。

Quantum correlations play an important role in modern physics and technology. Phenomena relying on correlations, such as high-Tcsuperconductivity or quantum magnetism, give materials unusual properties and form key components of commercially available devices such as sensors or medical instrumentation. Of particular current interest is the dynamics of these correlated many-body systems. For example, efforts to realize a quantum computer rely on the dynamical preparation and manipulation of correlated quantum states. Further, the recent dynamical generation of superconducting properties at room temperature, calls for the understanding and the control of dynamically driven states far from equilibrium. The theoretical description of correlation phenomena and in particular of their dynamics is typically very involved and many fundamental questions are still open. Only recently first efficient theoretical tools have been developed in order to enable the treatement of the quantum dynamics in isolated many-body systems. These have been carefully tested in comparison with experimental results of ultracold quantum gases and open the prospect to explore dynamical effects in a well controlled way. Our aim is to advance the understanding of the fundamental principles of the dynamical phenomena in quantum many-body systems. We will go beyond isolated systems and add the additional coupling to an environment. We will address the fundamental questions as the interplay of interaction and dissipation and its consequence onto the system's dynamics which are far from being understood.