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Proposal of regionally available biomass waste compost with useful functions and less environmental impacts based on scientific evaluation of local and indigenous knowledge in Vietnam

基于对越南当地和土著知识的科学评估，提出了具有有用功能和对环境影响较小的区域可用生物质废物堆肥的建议

基本信息

批准号：
20KK0147
负责人：
前田守弘
金额：
$ 11.98万
依托单位：
Okayama University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B))
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2020-10-27 至 2024-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-20KK0147/
关键词：
嫌気発酵堆肥窒素循環拮抗作用微生物群集温室効果ガス

项目摘要

ベトナムでは家畜ふんの堆肥化に嫌気発酵が用いられており，日本の好気性堆肥と性質が全く異なる．本研究の目的は，嫌気性堆肥と好気性堆肥の機能性および環境負荷を比較することで，嫌気性堆肥の利点と欠点を明らかにし，両堆肥の特性を活かしたバイオマス活用堆肥を提案することである．本年度は，新型コロナ感染症の影響で渡航できなかったため，4回のオンライン会議を行い，日本国内で嫌気・好気性堆肥を試作するとともに，ベトナム堆肥を輸入した．嫌気性堆肥が一般的になった背景・理由の解明については，ベトナム研究者と共同でオンライン調査を実施し，9農家から聞き取り調査を行うとともに，嫌気堆肥を日本に送付し，分析を行った．堆肥化過程における環境負荷については，現地の堆肥化過程（微生物資材を添加）を模して，生ごみの堆肥化試験を行ったところ，乳酸菌を添加した場合，試験開始1週間程度のN2O発生量が少なかった．堆肥施用畑における環境負荷については，生ゴミ堆肥を施設畑土壌に施用し，非生物的なCO2およびCH4発生の温度依存性（20－35℃）について検討した．その結果，非生物的なCO2およびCH4発生はともに高温で上昇し，CH4については生物的発生量と同程度であることなどがわかった．堆肥の衛生状態および病害菌拮抗作用に関しては，ピシウムに対する拮抗菌の直接選択培養法の検討を行い，培地の寒天濃度および菌密度の最適条件等を実験的に解明した．ベトナムから送付された嫌気堆肥の大腸菌等衛生指標菌ならびに拮抗菌の含有密度などを定量した．微生物叢に与える影響の解明に関しては，環境条件と細菌叢の関連性の検討および細菌叢から予測される機能解析を実施した．園芸土と下水汚泥堆肥の混合により，窒素循環に関わる細菌叢の変化，菌叢の変化と硝酸濃度の関連性，予測される窒素循環に関わる細菌機能の変遷を示した．

The nature of good compost in Japan is completely different. The purpose of this study is to compare the functional properties and environmental loads of anaerobic compost and anaerobic compost, to clarify the advantages and disadvantages of anaerobic compost, and to propose the characteristics of anaerobic compost. This year, the impact of new types of infectious diseases was discussed, and four meetings were held in Japan to test the use of toxic and environmentally friendly compost. The background and reasons for the investigation of toxic compost in general are explained in detail. The investigation is carried out jointly by researchers and farmers. The investigation is carried out in Japan. Composting process in the process of environmental load, in situ composting process (microbial resource material addition) model, production of compost test, lactic acid bacteria addition, the beginning of the test within one week of the degree of N2O production is reduced. The temperature dependence (20-35℃) of abiotic CO2 and CH4 production during composting application. As a result, non-biological CO2 and CH4 are produced at high temperatures, and CH4 is produced at the same level as biological production. The relationship between the sanitary condition of compost and the antagonistic effect of disease bacteria was discussed. The direct selective culture method of antagonistic bacteria was studied. The optimum conditions of the cold concentration and bacterial density of the culture site were also discussed. The concentration of antagonistic bacteria in compost should be quantified. Analysis of the relationship between microbial flora and its effects, environmental conditions and bacterial flora, and functional analysis of bacterial flora prediction. The relationship between bacterial flora transformation and nitric acid concentration in soil and sewage sludge compost mixing, nutrient cycling, and bacterial function shift in nutrient cycling was predicted.