Religious Law in Modernity. The Canonical Validity Theory between Theonomic Universalism and the Plurality of Ecclesial Legal Cultures

随着自然法终结的论争在法律基础理论的实际争论中，前置规范作为法律的有效性来源的观点被认为是值得怀疑的。然而，不再使世俗和多元化社会信服的自然主义论点，在神学法律制度的法律理论中仍然相关，尽管不再是无可争辩的；与自然推理相关的不和谐也越来越多地出现在宗教法律秩序中。作为天主教会律法的教会法理论首先面临着法律接受性和有效性的问题，最后提出了有效性问题。作为处理规范法律秩序有效性问题的学科，教会法的基本理论面临着寻找可能说服日益多元化的教会成员的基础论点的任务。这一挑战与世俗法律理论学者面临的问题有些相似：教会和世俗法律学者都必须评估在多元社会中提出的有效性主张的价值和表现。正如在世俗中一样，在最初的正典辩论中，文化范式变得令人感兴趣，因为地方教会及其地方文化与正典法律的发展和应用的相关性越来越被考虑到。将文化作为有效性来源的积极参考，然而，由于规范基础思想在宗教上很难消化文化差异现象的事实，因为为了保护信仰和与之相关的真理主张的统一，规范基础理论坚持法律的根本统一的思想。在这种地方差异和多元性与教会统一及其对普遍和绝对的主张之间的紧张关系中，必须处理最近的规范有效性问题。本研究分析了文化论证作为教会法有效性来源的潜力，并构建了一种建设性地结合了差异性与统一性、多元性与普遍性以及文化与自然的要求的理论。

With the thesis of an end of Natural law in the actual debates on the foundational theory of law the idea of prepositive norms as validity sources of law is identified as questionable. Naturalistic arguments that does not convince secular and pluralistic societies any more, nevertheless, are still relevant in the legal theory of theonomic legal systems, although no longer beyond dispute; dissonances that are related with the natural reasoning increasingly also arise in religious legal orders. The legal theory of Canon Law as the law of the Catholic Church is above all faced with problems of legal acceptance and effectiveness that finally raise the validity question. As the discipline that deals with validity issues of the canonical legal order the fundamental theory of Canon Law is confronted with the task to look for foundational arguments that might convince the increasingly pluralistic members of the Church. This challenge is somewhat similar compared with the problems that secular scholars of legal theory face: both ecclesial and secular legal scholars have to evaluate the value and performance of validity claims raised in pluralistic societies. As in the secular also in the canonistical debates initially the culture paradigm becomes of interest, insofar as the local churches and their local cultures in their relevance for the development and application of canon law are more and more taken into account. A positive reference to culture as a validity source, yet, is hindered by the fact, that the phenomenon of cultural difference is ecclesiologically hard to digest in the canonical foundational thinking: For to protect the unity of faith and the truth claim connected with it the canonical foundational theory sticks to the idea of a fundamental unity of the law. In this tension between the local differences and pluralities and the ecclesial unity and its claim of the universal and the absolute the recent canonical validity questions have to be dealt with. The study analyses the potential of the culture argument as a validity source of Canon Law and models a theory that constructively combines the demands of difference and unity, plurality and universality, as well as of culture and nature.