Making the International Shipping Law for the Marine Environment: From the Perspective of non-State Actors

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This year, the present research has examined the position of non-State actors under international law, with a particular focus placed on the legal nature of industrial standards developed by these private entities and consequently their influence on public international law on a general sense.Specifically, by directing its focus on ballast water management and shipping decarbonization, this research inquires into the multiple roles of private standards in filling the regulatory gaps within the existing international normative framework. Meanwhile, it considers the potential pitfalls, especially the legitimacy challenge of these private initiatives if they are to advance the development of international maritime regulations in the long term.