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Producing Charcoal in the Sub-Saharan Drylands: The Contested Fuelscape of Central Pokot, Kenya

在撒哈拉以南干旱地区生产木炭：肯尼亚波科特中部备受争议的燃料景观

基本信息

批准号：
329563614
负责人：
Professor Dr. Marcus Nüsser
金额：
--
依托单位：
Abteilung Geographie
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2021-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/329563614?language=en
关键词：
Producing Charcoal Sub Saharan Drylands

项目摘要

Charcoal ranks amongst the most commercialized but least regulated commodities in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, despite its prevalence as an energy source for cooking, heating and small-scale industrial activities, the localized environmental and livelihood impacts of charcoal production are poorly understood so far. This research deficit is amplified by widespread negative attitudes towards charcoal production, which has often been described as a major cause of deforestation or as an activity that entraps people in a poverty-degradation spiral. However, the charcoal-degradation nexus is apparently more complicated, not least because some studies indicate that the biomass extraction from already degraded woodlands can be sustainable under efficient management regimes. The biophysical properties and environmental dynamics within charcoal producing areas are thus not predefined but they emerge and gain meaning through the (representational) practices and negotiations between a whole range of different actors. Our study, therefore, approaches the charcoal producing sector as a fuelscape or contested energy landscape with complex material and discursive dimensions. By adopting a methodological approach that integrates remote sensing techniques with empirically based social scientific analyses across multiple spatial and temporal scales, we intend to establish a better understanding of the shifting couplings of human and environmental processes through which fuelscapes are perpetually (trans-)formed. Our research will critically enhance current efforts to monitor prevailing degradation activities in the Sub-Saharan drylands and herewith push charcoal-related policy and research in new directions.

在撒哈拉以南非洲，木炭是商业化程度最高但监管最少的商品之一。然而，尽管木炭被广泛用作烹饪、取暖和小规模工业活动的能源，但迄今为止，人们对木炭生产对当地环境和生计的影响知之甚少。人们普遍对木炭生产持负面态度，这种态度往往被描述为砍伐森林的一个主要原因，或者被描述为一种使人们陷入贫困-退化螺旋的活动，从而放大了这一研究赤字。然而，木炭-退化关系显然更为复杂，尤其是因为一些研究表明，在有效的管理制度下，从已经退化的林地中提取生物量是可持续的。因此，木炭生产区内的生物物理特性和环境动态没有预先确定，但它们通过各种不同行为者之间的(代表性)做法和谈判而显现并获得意义。因此，我们的研究将木炭生产部门视为具有复杂材料和论述维度的燃料景观或有争议的能源景观。通过采用将遥感技术与多个时空尺度上基于经验的社会科学分析相结合的方法，我们打算更好地理解人类和环境过程不断变化的耦合，通过这些过程，燃料景观被永久(转变)形成。我们的研究将极大地加强目前监测撒哈拉以南旱地普遍退化活动的努力，并据此推动与木炭有关的政策和研究朝着新的方向发展。