GRK 2386: Extrospection. External Acces to Higher Cognitive Processes.

GRK 2386：外省。

• 批准号: 337619223
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Training Groups
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/337619223?language=en
• 关键词: GRK; 2386; Extrospection.; External; Acces

Higher cognitive processes like emotions, perception, belief formation or mind-reading are of essential importance in philosophy, psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry. It is quite controversial, though, to what extent these processes and particularly their subjective, phenomenal character can be captured adequately by means of extrospection, that is, by way of external access to higher cognitive processes. The reason is that extrospective methods are restricted to indirect external evidence. Introspection, by contrast, has long been treated as privileged, given its direct first-person access to these processes. Skepticism against extrospection persists although the epistemic credentials of introspection have been attacked, e.g., by behaviorists. In their view, introspection violates even the most basic standards of scientific methodology.While introspection and purely behavioral approaches have always been important issues of methodological reflection, extrospection has been widely ignored. That is why the present project aims at a comprehensive epistemological, historical and empirical assessment of extrospection. Given the relevance of extrospection for research in disciplines like philosophy, psychology, neuroscience and psychiatry, an interdisciplinary approach is without alternative.As a working hypothesis, we assume that there is an epistemic symmetry in principle not only between extrospection and introspection, but also between extrospection and standard third-person methods in the natural sciences. While we do not deny the obvious insufficiencies of current extrospective methods, we hypothesize that they can be overcome by future scientific, methodological, and technological developments, at least in principle.The RTG will offer an interdisciplinary doctoral program including a fast track option. A sophisticated admission process with a strong focus on gender equality will select two cohorts of doctoral researchers and one cohort of fast track students. Doctoral candidates will apply with an interdisciplinary project devoted to the problem of extrospection. Upon admission, each student will be assigned two experts from different disciplines who will act as their primary and secondary advisors.The core of the RTG’s curriculum will consist of specific research seminars devoted to extrospection and a series of workshops and academic retreats. Moreover, we will offer basic and advanced courses tailored to each individual student’s specific needs.

情感、感知、信仰形成或读心术等高级认知过程在哲学、心理学、神经科学和精神病学中至关重要。然而，这些过程，特别是其主观的，现象性的特征，在多大程度上可以通过外倾性，即通过外部途径获得更高的认知过程，来充分捕捉，这是相当有争议的。究其原因，外倾法仅限于间接的外部证据。相比之下，自省长期以来一直被视为一种特权，因为它可以直接以第一人称进入这些过程。尽管内省的认识论凭证受到了攻击，例如行为主义者，但对外向型的怀疑仍然存在。在他们看来，内省甚至违反了科学方法论的最基本标准。虽然内省和纯粹的行为方法一直是方法论反思的重要问题，但外向性一直被广泛忽视。这就是为什么本项目旨在对外向型进行全面的认识论、历史和经验评估。考虑到外向性与哲学、心理学、神经科学和精神病学等学科研究的相关性，跨学科方法是别无选择的。作为一个有效的假设，我们假设不仅在外向性和内省之间，而且在外向性和自然科学中的标准第三人称方法之间，原则上存在认知对称。虽然我们不否认当前外向型方法的明显不足，但我们假设它们可以被未来的科学、方法和技术发展所克服，至少在原则上是这样。RTG将提供一个跨学科的博士课程，包括一个快速通道选项。一个非常注重性别平等的复杂录取过程将选出两组博士研究人员和一组快速通道学生。博士候选人将申请一个致力于外向性问题的跨学科项目。入学后，每个学生将被分配两名不同学科的专家，作为他们的主要和次要顾问。RTG课程的核心将包括专门研究外向性的具体研究研讨会和一系列讲习班和学术务虚会。此外，我们将根据每个学生的具体需求提供基础和高级课程。