About "dying well". Actor constellations, normative patterns, perspective differences

随着临终关怀概念在住院病人临终关怀、姑息治疗单位、门诊病人临终关怀和姑息治疗中的制度化，已经建立了一个规范的临终理想，它侧重于对死亡过程的多视角观察：e.医疗、心理、社会和精神护理。不同的看法会干扰：医疗方面的看法、护理方面的看法、家庭成员的看法和对垂死者的看法。除此之外，还有演员星座和观点的差异，这些差异并不总是一致的。因此，计划中的研究项目询问如何通过经验调整不确定性来超越垂死之井的理想。以质性研究方法于安宁疗护病房与安宁疗护病房进行研究，探讨不同的观点与型态。阐明与这些观点差异相关的规范模式; 3.让我们看到现代死亡实践的各种变体是如何经验性地发生的。无论是从天主教神学的角度来看，以及从社会学的角度来看，该项目寻找死亡和临终关怀的实践中的偶然性的迹象。工作计划包括在临终关怀和姑息治疗单位的定性研究。通过专家访谈和非参与性观察等不同的定性方法，揭示了所有参与群体的不同观点之间的理想死亡和必然性之间的死亡分析。评价是基于功能分析方法，寻求实际的相互关联的关系和参考及其解决方案的问题。

With the institutionalisation of the hospice concept in inpatient hospices, on palliative care units and outpatient hospice and palliative care a normative ideal of dying well has been established which focuses a multiperspective view on dying processes: i. e. medical, psychic, social, and spiritual care. Different perceptions interfere: the medical one, the nursing one, the perception of the family members and the perspective on the dying person. Beyond that, there occur differences of actor constellations and perspectives which are not always arrangeable. Therefore, the planned research project asks how the ideal of a dying well is overtaken by empirically adjusting uncertainties.Our aim is 1. using a qualitative research method in inpatient hospices and palliative care units to detect the different perspectives and constellations, 2. to explicate the normative patterns which are associated with these differences of perspectives, and 3. to make visible how variants of modern practices of dying happen empirically. Both from the perspective of Catholic theology as well as from the sociological perspective the project searches for signs of contingency within the practice of dying and terminal care. The work program includes a qualitative research in hospices and palliative care units. Analyses of dying between the ideal of dying well and the inevitability of different perspectives of all participating groups will be revealed by means of different qualitative methods such as interviews with experts and non-participant observations. The evaluation is based on a functional analysis method which seeks for practical interrelating regarding problems of relations und references and their solutions.