Unravelling disequilibrium in basaltic crystal cargoes: an experimental and petrological study of mixing in primitive Icelandic magmas

揭示玄武岩晶体货物中的不平衡:原始冰岛岩浆混合的实验和岩石学研究

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    345810429
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    德国
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
  • 财政年份:
    2017
  • 资助国家:
    德国
  • 起止时间:
    2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Oceanic basalts, which form the bulk of material erupted at the surface Earth, are complex hybrids of melts and crystals assembled during mixing and crystallisation of melts during ascent from the mantle and processing in magma chambers. Records of disequilibrium, i.e., the juxtaposition of two or more phase assemblages that are out of equilibrium with each other, are widely preserved in the textures and compositions of basaltic crystal cargoes. Realistic models of magma assembly and evolution must therefore incorporate the effects of disequilibrium into their descriptions of magmatic processes. Although phase equilibria studies have provided innumerable insights into the nature of magmatic processes, the validity of using equilibrium experiments to understand disequilibrium features in natural samples remains unclear. Carrying out well-constrained disequilibrium experiments to understand reaction kinetics is thus a crucial next step in improving the interpretation of natural basalts.The primary aim of this project is to document quantitatively how the crystal contents of basaltic magmas respond to chemical and thermal disequilibrium as a result of magma mixing. This will be achieved by performing high-pressure (3 kbar), high-temperature (1160-1280 °C) experiments designed to the mimic mixing processes that have been identified in well-characterised natural basalts from Iceland. In order to separate the effects of chemical and thermal disequilibrium as much as possible, one series of experiments will investigate the isothermal and isobaric mixing of crystal-bearing and compositionally heterogeneous primitive basalts (open system chemical disequilibrium). A second series will investigate the effect of cooling and heating on a single crystal-bearing primitive magma composition, simulating entrainment and recharge respectively (closed system thermal disequilibrium). Disequilibrium experiments will only be performed on starting compositions for which equilibrium phase relationships have already been determined in a previous project. Run products will be imaged (BSE) and analysed to quantify the textural (e.g. crystal size distribution) and compositional response of crystals to both chemical and thermal disequilibrium. Rates of crystal growth, dissolution and re-equilibration will be evaluated by performing experiments over a range of timescales that overlap with those of pre-eruptive unrest in Icelandic volcanic systems. The new experimental data will then be used to re-assess disequilibrium features in natural crystals from a selection of Icelandic eruptions including the 1784-1784 Laki and 2014-2015 Holuhraun eruptions. For example, the ability of mixing to bias the crystalline record of magmatic processes will be investigated. While this project will focus on Icelandic systems, because of their excellent geological context, its findings will be widely relevant to any basalts that carry records of disequilibrium in their crystal cargoes.
海洋玄武岩是地球表面喷发的大部分物质,是熔体和晶体的复杂混合物,在熔体从地幔上升和在岩浆房中加工的过程中混合和结晶。不平衡的记录,即,两个或多个彼此不平衡的相组合的并置在玄武岩晶体货物的结构和成分中被广泛地保存。因此,岩浆聚集和演化的现实模型必须将不平衡效应纳入其对岩浆过程的描述中。虽然相平衡的研究提供了无数的洞察岩浆过程的性质,使用平衡实验来了解自然样品中的不平衡特征的有效性仍然不清楚。因此,进行严格限制的不平衡实验,了解反应动力学是一个关键的下一步,在改善天然玄武岩的解释。本项目的主要目的是定量记录的玄武岩浆的晶体含量如何响应化学和热不平衡的岩浆混合的结果。这将通过进行高压(3千巴),高温(1160 - 1280 ° C)实验来实现,这些实验旨在模拟冰岛天然玄武岩中已确定的混合过程。为了尽可能分离化学和热不平衡的影响,一系列实验将研究含晶体和成分不均匀的原始玄武岩的等温和等压混合(开放系统化学不平衡)。第二个系列将研究冷却和加热对含单晶原始岩浆成分的影响,分别模拟夹带和补给(封闭系统热不平衡)。不平衡实验将仅在已在先前项目中确定平衡相关系的起始组合物上进行。将对运行产品进行成像(BSE)和分析,以量化晶体对化学和热不平衡的结构(例如晶体尺寸分布)和组成响应。将通过在与冰岛火山系统爆发前动荡重叠的一系列时间尺度上进行实验来评估晶体生长、溶解和再平衡的速率。然后,新的实验数据将用于重新评估冰岛火山爆发中天然晶体的不平衡特征,包括1784 - 1784年的拉基和2014 - 2015年的霍卢朗火山爆发。例如,将研究混合对岩浆过程的结晶记录产生偏差的能力。虽然该项目将侧重于冰岛系统,但由于其出色的地质背景,其发现将与任何在其晶体货物中携带不平衡记录的玄武岩广泛相关。

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Dr. David Neave, Ph.D.的其他文献

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